FIGURE 6.

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)/CCL2 regulates microglia activation in rats. (a) mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory factors in rat brain tissues by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). (b) mRNA expression of anti‐inflammatory factors in rat brain tissues by RT‐qPCR. (c) Immunofluorescence validation of ATF3 and CCL2 localization in microglia. (d) Immunohistochemical detection of IBA1 expression in rat brain tissues. (e) Assessment of microglia activation by immunofluorescence detection of BrdU/IBA1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was determined using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (a–e), followed by Tukey multiple comparison test. *#&p < .05