Table 2.
Cohort-specific Hazard Ratios (95%) for Risk of All-cause and Major Cause-specific Death in Relation to A History of Gallstone Disease or Cholecystectomy
| Gallstone disease | Cholecystectomy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| NHS (1980–2012) | ||||
| All-cause death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
16532/2183692 739 |
5015/372383 1347 |
16964/2221151 764 |
4583/334923 1368 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.27 (1.23, 1.31) | 1 | 1.26 (1.22, 1.30) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.20 (1.16, 1.24) | 1 | 1.18 (1.14, 1.22) |
| CVD-specific death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
3424/2196011 156 |
1178/376025 313 |
3532/2233777 158 |
1070/338258 316 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.41 (1.32, 1.50) | 1 | 1.38 (1.29, 1.48) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 1 | 1.12 (1.05, 1.21) |
| Cancer-specific death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
6475/2193105 295 |
1655/375546 441 |
6636/2230811 297 |
1494/337840 442 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.14 (1.08, 1.21) | 1 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.15 (1.09, 1.21) | 1 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) |
| Other death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
6633/2193161 302 |
2182/375113 582 |
6796/2230868 305 |
2019/337406 598 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.31 (1.25, 1.38) | 1 | 1.30 (1.24, 1.37) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.24 (1.18, 1.31) | 1 | 1.24 (1.17, 1.30) |
|
| ||||
| HPFS (1986–2012) | ||||
| All-cause death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
12449/946350 1315 |
1996/68425 2917 |
13004/963814 1349 |
1441/50961 2828 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.18 (1.12, 1.23) | 1 | 1.15 (1.08, 1.21) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) | 1 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) |
| CVD-specific death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
3715/954833 389 |
641/69754 919 |
3908/972655 402 |
448/51932 863 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.18 (1.08, 1.29) | 1 | 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.05 (0.96, 1.15) | 1 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) |
| Cancer-specific death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
3960/954596 415 |
568/69819 814 |
4088/972492 420 |
440/51924 847 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31) | 1 | 1.27 (1.15, 1.41) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.15 (1.05, 1.25) | 1 | 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) |
| Other death | ||||
| Cases/person years Rate (/100k PY) |
4774/953836 501 |
787/69604 1131 |
5008/971616 515 |
553/51824 1067 |
| Model 1 HR (95% CI), Age-adjusted | 1 | 1.15 (1.06, 1.24) | 1 | 1.08 (0.98, 1.18) |
| Model 2 HR (95% CI), Multivariate | 1 | 1.08 (0.99, 1.17) | 1 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) |
Abbreviations: CI, Confidence Interval; HR, Hazard Ratios; PY, Person Years
Model1, adjusted for age;
Model2 adjusted for age (months), body mass index (kg/m2), white race (yes/no), marital status (yes/no), smoking status (never, past, current smoker), smoking amount and duration (0, 0–9, 10–24, 25–44, ≥45 pack years), alcohol drinking status (women: 0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–9.9, 10.0–14.9, ≥15.0 g/d; men: 0, 0.1−4.9, 5.0−9.9, 10.0−14.9, 15.0−29.9, or ≥30.0 g/d), physical activity (in quintile), family history of myocardial infarction (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), and cancer (yes/no); post-menopausal hormone replacement (premenopausal, postmenopausal and HT nonuser, postmenopausal and current HT user, postmenopausal and past HT user, missing; NHS only), modified Alternative Health Eating Index Score (alcohol excluded; in quintiles), dietary cholesterol intake (in quintiles), daily energy intake (in quintiles); status of hypertension (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), hypercholesterolemia (yes/no); regular aspirin use (yes/no).