TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics for study patients
| Variable | Propensity‐matched sample | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| postvaccination COVID‐19 | Unvaccinated COVID‐19 | p | |
| (n = 254) | (n = 508) | ||
| Type of vaccination, n (%) | – | ||
| Janssen Ad.26.COV2.S vaccine | 7 (2.8%) | – | |
| Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine | 126 (47.6%) | – | |
| Moderna 1273 mRNA vaccine | 121 (47.6%) | – | |
| Sex, n (%) | 1.0000 | ||
| Male | 244 (96.1%) | 488 (96.1%) | |
| Female | 10 (3.9%) | 20 (3.9%) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 63.8 (10.4) | 64.2 (10.0) | 0.5899 |
| Age group, n (%) | 1.0000 | ||
| <50 | 21 (8.3%) | 42 (8.3%) | |
| 50–59.9 | 55 (21.7%) | 110 (21.7%) | |
| 60–69.9 | 126 (49.6%) | 252 (49.6%) | |
| 70–85 | 52 (20.5%) | 104 (20.5%) | |
| ≥ 85 | – | – | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.9177 | ||
| White | 141 (55.5%) | 282 (55.5%) | |
| Black | 68 (26.8%) | 148 (29.1%) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 25 (9.8%) | 37 (7.3%) | |
| Other | 16 (6.3%) | 36 (7.1%) | |
| Unknown | 4 (1.6%) | 5 (1.0%) | |
| Location, n (%) | 0.0015 | ||
| Northeast | 65 (25.6%) | 68 (13.4%) | |
| Southeast | 33 (13.0%) | 91 (17.9%) | |
| Midwest | 57 (22.4%) | 143 (28.2%) | |
| South | 47 (18.5%) | 106 (20.9%) | |
| Northwest | 16 (6.3%) | 32 (6.3%) | |
| Southwest | 36 (14.2%) | 68 (13.4%) | |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 29.9 (8.7) | 29.5 (8.9) | 0.6450 |
| BMI class, n (%) | 0.9256 | ||
| Overweight | 84 (33.1%) | 185 (36.4%) | |
| Class 1 obesity, BMI 30.0–34.9 | 62 (24.4%) | 109 (21.5%) | |
| Class 2 obesity, BMI 35.0–39.9 | 40 (15.7%) | 84 (16.5%) | |
| Class 3 obesity, BMI > 40.0 | 25 (9.8%) | 46 (9.1%) | |
| AUDIT‐C score, n (%) | 0.3885 | ||
| Low | 212 (83.5%) | 411 (80.9%) | |
| High | 42 (16.5%) | 97 (19.1%) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 161 (63.4%) | 324 (63.8%) | 0.9152 |
| Tobacco use, n (%) | 0.9276 | ||
| Current smoker | 59 (23.2%) | 111 (21.9%) | |
| Former smoker | 78 (30.7%) | 167 (32.9%) | |
| Never smoker | 112 (44.1%) | 219 (43.1%) | |
| Alcohol‐associated cirrhosis, n (%) | 110 (43.3%) | 222 (43.7%) | 0.177 |
| Cirrhosis comorbidity, n (%) | 0.6346 | ||
| 0 | 15 (5.9%) | 30 (5.9%) | |
| 1+0 | 53 (20.9%) | 93 (18.3%) | |
| 1+1 | 55 (21.7%) | 120 (23.6%) | |
| 3+0 | 10 (3.9%) | 25 (4.9%) | |
| 3+1 | 121 (47.6%) | 234 (46.1%) | |
| 5+0 | – | 2 (0.4%) | |
| 5+1 | – | 4 (0.8%) | |
| eCTP class, n (%) | 0.9370 | ||
| A | 195 (76.8%) | 394 (77.6%) | |
| B | 55 (21.7%) | 105 (20.7%) | |
| C | 4 (1.6%) | 9 (1.8%) | |
| Lab results at diagnosis of COVID‐19, median (IQR) | |||
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/ml) | 42.2 (48.0) | 41.0 (51.9) | 0.6806 |
| Platelet count (×10E9/L) | 150.7 (89.8) | 152.5 (104.9) | 0.7194 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.4) | 0.2835 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.6) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.7164 |
| International normalized ratio | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.8397 |
| MELD‐Na score | 9.0 (7.0) | 8.0 (6.0) | 0.1378 |
| Treatment of COVID‐19, n (%) | |||
| Dexamethasone, n (%) | 42 (16.5%) | 84 (16.5%) | 1.0000 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 3 (1.2%) | 7 (1.4%) | 0.8219 |
| Remdesivir, n (%) | 33 (13.0%) | 66 (13.0%) | 1.0000 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 3 (1.2%) | 4 (0.8%) | 0.5913 |
| Cause of death, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||
| COVID‐19 | 7 (2.8%) | 57 (11.2%) | |
| Cirrhosis | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (3.0%) | |
| Others | 2 (0.8%) | 6 (1.2%) | |
| Cause of hospitalization, n (%) | 0.0163 | ||
| COVID‐19 | 50 (19.7%) | 117 (23.0%) | |
| Cirrhosis | 16 (6.3%) | 21 (4.1%) | |
| Others | 41 (16.1%) | 48 (9.4%) | |
| Prior COVID‐19 infection, n (%) | 38 (15.0%) | 11 (2.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 84 (33.1%) | 169 (33.3%) | 0.9566 |
| HIV, n (%) | 7 (2.8%) | 11 (2.2%) | 0.6128 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 107 (42.1%) | 205 (40.2%) | 0.6022 |
| Solid Organ (nonliver) Transplantation, n (%) | 11 (4.3%) | 9 (1.8%) | 0.0285 |
Bold indicates significance.