Table 1.
Summary of COVID-19 patient demographics, laboratory results, pre-existing conditions, histopathological and macroscopic pathological features.
| COVID-19 patients (n = 21) | |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age (years) | 64.3 (35–85) |
| Male sex | 17 (81%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.7 (22.0–48.0) |
| Ventilator | 20 (95.2%) |
| Lab results | |
| Platelets (10E3/µL) | 232 (62–365) |
| INR | 1.5 (1.0–2.6) |
| PTT (s) | 40.9 (22.7–114.4) |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 1222 (<215–3723) |
| Troponin (ng/mL) | 0.08 (<0.04–0.13) |
| Pre-existing conditions | |
| Hypertension | 16 (76%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 11 (52%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 5 (24%) |
| Diabetes mellitus type II | 9 (43%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (29%) |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 5 (24%) |
| Histopathological features | |
| Fibrosis | 9 (43%) |
| Edema | 19 (90%) |
| Borderline myocarditis | 19 (90%) |
| Monocyte hypertrophy | 15 (71%) |
| Myocytolysis | 10 (48%) |
| Blood vessel congestion | 10 (48%) |
| Thrombosis | 4 (19%) |
| Hemorrhage | 4 (19%) |
| Pericarditis | 2 (9.5%) |
| Macroscopic pathological features | |
| Average heart weight (g) | 447 (282–671) |
| Right ventricular hypertrophy | 6 (29%) |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 10 (48%) |
| LAD narrowing (%) | 54 (0–90) |
| LCA narrowing (%) | 48 (0–90) |
| RCA narrowing (%) | 49 (0->90) |
| Right ventricular dysfunction | 8 (38%) |
| Left ventricular dysfunction | 5 (24%) |
| Small vessel thrombi | 4 (19%) |
| Lymph inflammation (myocardium) | 4 (19%) |
| Lymph inflammation (epicardium) | 2 (10%) |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 3 (14%) |
| Hemorrhagic myocardial infarction | 6 (29%) |
LAD left anterior descending, LCA left coronary artery, RCA right coronary artery.