TABLE 3.

Final hierarchical linear regression models predicting adolescent loneliness, stress, and depressive symptoms

	Loneliness			Stress			Depressive Symptoms
Variable	β	t	95% CI	β	t	95% CI	β	t	95% CI
Step 1
Study phase	−0.04	−1.33	−0.07 to 0.01	−0.08	−2.52*	−0.08 to −0.01	−0.04	−1.35	−0.06 to 0.01
Sex	−0.12	−3.84***	−0.37 to −0.12	−0.20	−6.15***	−0.41 to −0.21	−0.21	−6.80***	−0.46 to −0.25
Grade	−0.04	−1.27	−0.08 to 0.02	−0.04	−1.26	−0.06 to 0.12	−0.06	−1.90	−0.08 to 0.01
Ethnicity	0.06	1.82	−0.01 to 0.09	0.06	1.82	−0.01 to 0.08	0.11	3.36***	0.03 to 0.11
Generational status	0.05	1.37	−0.03 to 0.18	−0.04	−1.05	−0.13 to 0.04	−0.04	−1.22	−0.14 to 0.03
COVID‐19 social distancing	−0.03	−0.93	−0.12 to 0.04	−0.01	−0.29	−0.07 to 0.05	0.02	0.67	−0.04 to 0.09
Step 2
Perceived negative changes	0.45	3.70***	0.20 to 0.66	0.36	2.82**	0.08 to 0.44	0.42	3.29***	0.13 to 0.51
Online friend communication	0.09	0.97	−0.11 to 0.31	0.29	2.82**	0.07 to 0.40	0.15	1.47	−0.04 to 0.30
Friend support	−0.37	−3.86***	−0.57 to −0.18	−0.41	−4.10***	−0.47 to −0.17	−0.24	−2.36*	−0.34 to −0.03
Step 3
Neg. changes X online friend Comm.	−0.31	−2.09*	−0.12 to −0.01	−0.42	−2.75**	−0.11 to −0.02	−0.18	−1.19	−0.08 to 0.02
Neg. changes X friend support	−0.06	−0.39	−0.06 to 0.04	0.35	2.39*	0.01 to 0.09	0.06	0.44	−0.03 to 0.05

Abbreviation: CI, confidence intervals.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.

^*** p < 0.001.