Table 4.
Univariate Cox regression for prognostic factors associated with death
| Univariate Cox analysis | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prognostic factors | HR (95% CI) | p‐value | Prognostic factors | HR (95% CI) | p‐value | Prognostic factors | HR (95% CI) | p‐value | Prognostic factors | HR (95% CI) | p‐value |
| Age | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.457 | Antiplatelets | 0.62 (0.36–1.09) | 0.112 | Mental status (n, %) | Neutrophils > 7.5 × 103/L | 1.3 (0.8–2.13) | 0.304 | ||
| Sex (female) | 0.88 (0.54–1.41) | 0.612 | Anticoagulants | 1.25 (0.76–2.03) | 0.380 | Normal | 1 | Lymphocytes <1 × 103/L | 1.96 (1.2–3.19) | 0.008 | |
| Smoker | 1.43 (0.89–2.31) | 0.153 | ACEIs‐ARAII | 0.96 (0.6–1.54) | 0.882 | Altered | 2.18 (1.25–3,88) | 0.010 | Hemoglobin < 13 g/dL | 0.87 (0.54–1.4) | 0.578 |
| Alcohol consumption | 2.24 (1.07–4.68) | 0.036 | NSAIDs | 1.62 (0.51–5.19) | 0.428 | Coma | 6.82 (3.03–15.33) | <0.001 | Platelets <150 × 103/L | 1.29 (0.8–2.1) | 0.295 |
| Hypertension | 0.87 (0.48–1.56) | 0.669 | Inhaled corticosteroids | 0.75 (0.34–1.63) | 0.467 | LDH > 250 U/L | 3.2 (1.5–6.86) | 0.003 | Severity classification | ||
| Diabetes | 0.93 (0.57–1.52) | 0.784 | Immunosupresive drugs | 1.95 (1.06–3.57) | 0.036 | CRP > 10 mg/dL | 2.35 (1.43–3.85) | 0.001 | Mild | 1 | |
| Obesity | 0.98 (0.57–1.67) | 0.930 | Fever | 1.4 (0.85–2.32) | 0.187 | Procalcitonin > 0.5 ng/ml | 1.97 (1.06–3.64) | 0.042 | Moderate | 0.4 (0.09–1.78) | 0.231 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.83 (1.17–3) | 0.019 | Cough | 0.85 (0.51–1.4) | 0.519 | d‐Dimer > 0.5 mg/L | 1.17 (0.56–2.48) | 0.681 | Severe | 1.67 (0.53–5.36) | 0.394 |
| Cardiopathy | 1.42 (0.89–2.27) | 0.160 | Dyspnea | 2.16 (1.26–3.69) | 0.016 | Creatinine > 1.17 mg/dL | 1.97 (1.06–3.64) | 0.004 | Oxygen support | ||
| Neumopathy | 1.32 (0.81–2.15) | 0.275 | Chest pain | 0.75 (0.18–3.1) | 0.711 | GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 2.05 (1.15–3.67) | 0.017 | No support | 1 | |
| Previous thrombosis | 0.99 (0.49–2) | 0.986 | Digestive symptoms | 0.43 (0.2–0.94) | 0.040 | Urea > 49 mg/dL | 1.59 (0.76–3.33) | 0.224 | Nasal ducts | 1.72 (0.87–3.36) | 0.123 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.56 (0.21–11.3) | 0.685 | Confusion | 2.12 (1.24–3.74) | 0.011 | Sodium > 145 mmol/L | 1.4 (0.6–3.27) | 0.321 | VentiMask | 7.31 (3.35–15.94) | <0.001 |
| Neurological disease | 1.09 (0.67–1.77) | 0.726 | Temperature | 1.12 (0.9–1.4) | 0.333 | AST > 50 U/L | 3.4 (1.7–6.75) | 0.001 | Reservoir | 6.31 (3.45–11.55) | <0.001 |
| Anemia | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 0.344 | Systolic BP | 1 (0.99–1) | 0.838 | ALT > 50 U/L | 1.4 (0.66–2.96) | 0.390 | Radiology findings | ||
| Malignancy | 1.18 (0.71–1.93) | 0.530 | Diastolic BP | 1 (0.97–1.01) | 0.486 | GGT > 85 U/L | 1.63 (0.9–2.94) | 0.112 | No pneumonia | 1 | |
| Autoimmune disease | 2.03 (0.92–4.46) | 0.083 | Heart rate | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | <0.001 | Albumin <3.5 g/dL | 0.7 (0.36–1.37) | 0.226 | Unilateral pneumonia | 1.08 (0.41–2.84) | 0.882 |
| Dependency | 1.29 (0.80–2.07) | 0.296 | Tachypnea (n, %) | 3.36 (1.99–5.69) | <0.001 | WBC > 11.6 × 103/L | 1.24 (0.71–2.18) | 0.640 | Bilateral pneumonia | 2.03 (0.87–4.77) | 0.091 |
Abbreviations: ACEIs, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARAII, angiotensin receptors antagonists type II; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval; CRP, C‐reactive protein; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; GGT, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase; HR, hazard ratio; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.