. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 18.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Lab Med. 2020 Dec 23;41(1):15–34. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2020.10.002

Table 1.

Multi-center RCTs comparing liberal versus restrictive RBC transfusion in ELBW infants

Trial	Patient Population	Transfusion Threshold (Hct)	Primary Outcome	Results
Effect of Transfusion Thresholds on Neurocognitive Outcomes (ETTNO) ⁵⁶	1,013 premature infants in Europe; GA <30 weeks; BW <1000g	Liberal: 28–41% Restrictive: 21–34% (After randomization, threshold based on postnatal age and health status)	Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 24 months corrected age	No difference between liberal vs restrictive transfusion; 44.4% vs 42.9% OR 1.05 (95% CI, 0.80–1.39) P=0.72
Transfusion of Prematures (TOP) ⁵⁷	1,824 premature infants in the United States; GA 22 to <29 weeks; BW <1000g	Liberal: 32–38% Restrictive: 21–32% (After randomization, threshold based on postnatal age and health status)	Survival, neurodevelopmental impairment at 22–26 months corrected age	Manuscript pending; preliminary results with no difference between liberal vs restrictive transfusion

Abbreviations: RCT, randomized controlled trial; GA, gestational age; BW, birth weight; RBC, red blood cell; ELBW, extremely low birth weight