Table II.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric cases and household contacts, by SARS-CoV-2 lineage, California and Colorado, January to April 2021 (n = 151)
| Characteristics | Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 cases (n = 97) |
Uninfected pediatric household contacts (n = 54), n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha lineage (n = 60), n (%) | Non-Alpha lineages∗ (n = 32), n (%) | Unable to sequence (n = 5), n (%) | ||
| Age, years | ||||
| <5 | 5 (8) | 7 (22) | 3 (60) | 8 (15) |
| 5-11 | 22 (37) | 10 (31) | 1 (20) | 17 (31) |
| 12-17 | 33 (55) | 15 (47) | 1 (20) | 29 (54) |
| Median age (IQR) | 13 (9-15) | 11 (6-15) | 9 (4-13) | 12 (7-15) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 36 (60) | 14 (44) | 3 (60) | 23 (43) |
| Female | 24 (40) | 18 (56) | 2 (40) | 31 (57) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 30 (50) | 17 (53) | 3 (60) | 31 (57) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 8 (13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) |
| Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 3 (6) |
| Non-Hispanic other† | 6 (10) | 1 (3) | 1 (20) | 5 (9) |
| Hispanic (any race) | 11 (18) | 14 (44) | 0 (0) | 9 (17) |
| Underlying medical conditions | ||||
| Any medical condition | 11 (18) | 5 (16) | 1 (20) | 15 (28) |
| Chronic lung disease (any including asthma) | 5 (8) | 4 (13) | 0 (0) | 10 (19) |
| Cardiovascular condition | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) |
| Immunocompromising condition | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (4) |
| Other chronic condition‡ | 6 (10) | 2 (6) | 1 (20) | 7 (13) |
| Vaccination status§ | ||||
| Fully vaccinated | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Partially vaccinated | 3 (5) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Not vaccinated | 57 (95) | 31 (97) | 5 (100) | 54 (100) |
Alpha is the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 lineage.
The following non-Alpha lineages were identified among pediatric cases: B.1.1.519, B.1.427 (Epsilon), P.1 (Gamma), B.1.2, B.1.526 (Iota), B.1, B.1.429 (Epsilon), and B.1.596.
These individuals either identified as Non-Hispanic Black, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, belonging to a race/ethnicity not listed on the questionnaire or belonging to multiple races/ethnicities. Individuals were grouped together for analysis to increase power of analysis.
Other chronic conditions included hypothyroidism (1), neurological condition (3), anxiety/depression (3), attention deficit disorder (1), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (6), allergies (1), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1), and/or celiac disease (1).
Individuals were considered fully vaccinated ≥14 days after completion of all recommended doses of an US Food and Drug Administration-authorized COVID-19 vaccine, partially vaccinated if <14 days since completing the primary series or did not complete the series, and unvaccinated if no COVID-19 vaccine was received.