Table 3.
Comparison of default access based on participant characteristics.
| Characteristics | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||||
|
|
HCPa | Authorized members | DHSPb | No one | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||
|
|
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Female | 1.12 (0.77-1.63) | 0.94 (0.68-1.29) | 0.61 (0.40-0.92)c | 0.90 (0.57-1.41) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||||
|
|
18-44 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
45-64 | 0.85 (0.51-1.43) | 1.31 (0.84-2.06) | 0.94 (0.54-1.64) | 1.25 (0.65-2.39) | ||||
|
|
≥65 | 0.87 (0.55-1.37) | 1.35 (0.92-1.99) | 0.90 (0.55-1.47) | 1.39 (0.78-2.47) | ||||
| Health care use | |||||||||
|
|
Low (≤20) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
High (>20) | 1.33 (0.82-2.17) | 0.79 (0.54-1.18) | 0.99 (0.60-1.63) | 1.04 (0.58-1.85) | ||||
|
|
IDKd | 0.43 (0.12-1.55) | 0.81 (0.22-2.96) | 0.43 (0.05-3.73) | 2.16 (0.48-9.73) | ||||
| Region | |||||||||
|
|
Central | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Atlantic | 0.85 (0.41-1.73) | 1.13 (0.60-2.15) | 1.38 (0.62-3.07) | 0.98 (0.41-2.35) | ||||
|
|
Prairie | 1.31 (0.80-2.15) | 0.72 (0.48-1.06) | 0.72 (0.42-1.23) | 0.61 (0.32-1.16) | ||||
|
|
West Coast | 0.72 (0.44-1.18) | 0.82 (0.52-1.28) | 0.93 (0.52-1.65) | 1.68 (0.95-2.97) | ||||
| Caregiver | |||||||||
|
|
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Yes | 0.75 (0.45-1.25) | 1.42 (0.89-2.27) | 2.42 (1.45-4.04)c | 0.56 (0.26-1.19) | ||||
| Income (CAD $; US $) | |||||||||
|
|
<$80,000 ($62,380) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
≥$80,000 ($62,380) | 0.89 (0.60-1.31) | 1.23 (0.88-1.72) | 1.26 (0.83-1.91) | 1.20 (0.74-1.95) | ||||
|
|
PNAe | 0.73 (0.38-1.40) | 0.75 (0.42-1.34) | 0.65 (0.26-1.63) | 1.77 (0.86-3.68) | ||||
| Engaged patient | |||||||||
|
|
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Yes | 0.95 (0.54-1.66) | 1.14 (0.70-1.84) | 0.63 (0.35-1.14) | 1.29 (0.63-2.65) | ||||
| Quality of care | |||||||||
|
|
Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Good | 1.07 (0.58-1.98) | 0.87 (0.51-1.49) | 0.75 (0.39-1.46) | 0.79 (0.38-1.65) | ||||
|
|
IDK | 1.27 (0.29-5.59) | 0.33 (0.09-1.16) | 1.54 (0.36-6.56) | 0.75 (0.12-4.58) | ||||
| Prior digital health use | |||||||||
|
|
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Yes | 1.66 (1.14-2.44)c | 2.01 (1.43-2.81)c | 2.17 (1.36-3.46)c | 0.47 (0.29-0.74)c | ||||
| Sensitivity of PHIf | |||||||||
|
|
Low (<10) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
High (≥10) | 0.93 (0.60-1.43) | 0.66 (0.46-0.96)c | 1.04 (0.65-1.69) | 2.26 (1.30-3.93)c | ||||
| Sensitivity of health data | |||||||||
|
|
Low (<11) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
High (≥11) | 0.91 (0.59-1.40) | 1.16 (0.80-1.68) | 1.13 (0.70-1.83) | 0.87 (0.51-1.49) | ||||
| Web-based privacy experiences | |||||||||
|
|
Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Good | 0.79 (0.47-1.33) | 1.03 (0.66-1.59) | 1.29 (0.73-2.27) | 1.42 (0.73-2.75) | ||||
|
|
IDK | 0.55 (0.23-1.29) | 0.74 (0.35-1.58) | 0.22 (0.04-1.07) | 2.48 (0.91-6.74) | ||||
| Past privacy breach | |||||||||
|
|
Not resolved or IDK | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Resolved | 1.15 (0.38-3.43) | 1.24 (0.49-3.11) | 2.23 (0.68-7.32) | 0.57 (0.15-2.13) | ||||
|
|
No breaches | 0.91 (0.36-2.31) | 0.91 (0.41-2.01) | 1.30 (0.45-3.79) | 0.82 (0.28-2.34) | ||||
| Health care privacy experiences | |||||||||
|
|
Poor | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Good | 2.56 (1.24-5.29)c | 1.46 (0.73-2.90) | 1.90 (0.67-5.35) | 0.30 (0.20-0.70)c | ||||
|
|
IDK | 3.75 (0.97-14.51) | 1.81 (0.53-6.19) | 1.48 (0.20-10.85) | 0.31 (0.07-1.44) | ||||
| Confidentiality of PHI | |||||||||
|
|
Not private | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
|
|
Private | 1.25 (0.55-2.83) | 0.88 (0.41-1.87) | 1.50 (0.52-4.39) | 1.40 (0.48-4.14) | ||||
|
|
IDK | 0.79 (0.26-2.38) | 1.52 (0.54-4.33) | 2.14 (0.49-9.32) | 2.11 (0.54-8.28) | ||||
aHCP: health care provider.
bDHSP: digital health service provider.
cSignifies a significant association when compared with the reference group.
dIDK: I do not know.
ePNA: prefer not to answer.
fPHI: personal health information.