Effects of different fractions of Tamarindus indica (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate) on the levels of A, NA, DA, and 5-HT in Alzheimer's disease-induced rats^a.

Parameter	Control	AlCl3-AD	n-Hexane	Dichloromethane	Ethyl acetate	Donepezil drug
A (ng per gm tissue)	350.00 ± 11.70a	160.00 ± 10.10b	285.50 ± 24.75d	190.76 ± 15.60c	290.78 ± 14.98d	269.40 ± 210.21d
% Change		−54.20	−18.40	−45.40	−16.92	−23.02
% Improvement			35.85	8.78	37.36	31.25
NA (ng per g tissue)	225.00 ± 11.30d	110.00 ± 8.00e	172.66 ± 6.60f	160.00 ± 7.00f	169.55 ± 7.61f	167.00 ± 10.80f
% Change		−51.11	−23.28	−28.80	−24.64	−25.77
% Improvement			27.82	22.22	26.46	25.33
DA (ng per g tissue)	75.55 ± 6.80g	28.00 ± 1.90h	55.23 ± 2.22i	45.23 ± 2.22i	58.10 ± 3.12i	48.50 ± 2.10i
% Change		−62.39	−26.89	−40.13	−23.09	−35.80
% Improvement			36.04	22.80	39.84	27.13
5-HT (ng per g tissue)	95.20 ± 5.10j	40.20 ± 3.02k	69.40 ± 4.80l	62.00 ± 3.20l	72.30 ± 5.00l	66.00 ± 3.00l
% Change		−57.77	−27.10	−34.87	−24.05	−30.67
% Improvement			30.67	22.89	33.71	27.10

^aData are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8). Groups with similar letters are not significantly different, while those with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05. A: adrenaline, NA: noradrenaline, DA: dopamine, 5-HT: serotonin.