Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and baseline clinical characteristics.
|
n (%) |
COVID-19, n(%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Negative | Positive | P-value | ||
| Age (mean ±SD) | 68.93±13.85 | 68.20 ± 13.72 | 70.79 ± 14.18 | 0.307 | |
| Gender | Male | 81 (53.6) | 62 (76.5) | 19 (23.5) | 0.199 |
| Female | 70 (46.4) | 47 (67.1) | 23 (32.9) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <25 | 44 (34.1) | 28 (63.6) | 16 (36.4) | 0.165 |
| 25-30 | 56 (43.4) | 45 (80.4) | 11 (19.6) | ||
| >30 | 29 (22.5) | 20 (69.0) | 9 (31.0) | ||
| Cigarette smoking | 17 (11.3) | 14 (82.4) | 3 (17.6) | 0.321 | |
| Baseline laboratory test, mean ± SD | |||||
| White blood cells, (μ/L) | 9860.8 ± 3864.6 | 9174.9 ± 3413.7 | 11719 ± 4419.0 | 0.001 | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.24 ± 2.6 | 12.25 ± 2.7 | 12.22 ± 2.3 | 0.596 | |
| LDH, mg/dl | 497.1 ± 400.0 | 424.1 ± 155.2 | 605.8 ± 626.8 | 0.586 | |
| Platelet count (/mm3) | 235128 ± 70.963 | 236762 ± 72.259 | 230897 ± 68.222 | 0.574 | |
| Underlying disease, | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus, | 52 (34.4) | 41 (78.8) | 11 (21.2) | 0.186 | |
| Hypertension | 109 (72.2) | 79 (72.5) | 30 (27.5) | 0.898 | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 48 (31.8) | 36 (75.0) | 12 (25.0) | 0.598 | |
| Thyroid disease | 11 (7.3) | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 0.150 | |
| Drug history, | |||||
| ACEI/ARBS | 137 (90.7) | 104 (75.9) | 33 (24.1) | 0.001 | |
| Statins | 111 (73.5) | 84 (75.7) | 27 (24.3) | 0.111 | |
| Beta blockers | 116 (76.8) | 86 (74.1) | 30 (25.9) | 0.330 | |
| Cerebral arteries involvement | |||||
| Artery of Heubner | 3 (2.0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0.187 | |
| ICA | 4 (2.6) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 0.309 | |
| Lateral lenticulostriate | 11 (7.3) | 10 (90.9) | 1 (9.1) | 0.292 | |
| PCA | 7 (4.6) | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0.398 | |
| M2 inferior division | 7 (4.6) | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0.674 | |
| M2 superior division | 15 (9.9) | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 0.561 | |
| M1 artery | 8 (5.3) | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | 0.219 | |
| ICH | 24 (15.9) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | 0.248 | |
LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blocker, SD: Standard deviation, ICA: Internal carotid artery, PCA: Posterior cortical atrophy, ICH: Intra-cerebral hemorrhage, COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.