. 2022 Jan 4;49(6):1970–1984. doi: 10.1007/s00259-021-05627-2

Table 5.

Secondary outcomes: HRQoL and societal costs

	[¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT-driven group (n = 91)	Diagnostic surgery group (n = 41)	p	Mean difference (95% CI)
HRQoL
Mean one-year QALYs from EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)	0.792 (0.749–0.836)	0.727 (0.663–0.791)	0.13^a	0.065 (− 0.018– + 0.159)^a
Adjusted mean one-year QALYs from EQ-5D-5L (95% CI)	0.793 (0.753–0.833)	0.725 (0.651–0.799)	0.11^b	0.068 (− 0.015– + 0.151)^b
Societal costs
Mean one-year societal costs (95% CI)	€15,500 (+ €12,600– + €18,500)	€20,100 (+ €15,500– + €24,700)	0.13^a	− €4,600 (− €10,500– + €1,300)^a
Adjusted mean one-year societal costs (95% CI)	€14,800 (+ €12,600– + €17,000)	€21,700 (+ €16,800– + €26,600)	0.01^b	− €6,900 (− €12,100– − €1,600)^b

CI, confidence interval. HRQoL, health-related quality of life. QALYs, quality-adjusted life years

^aIndependent samples t-test with unequal variances

^bGeneralized linear model, adjusted analysis for stratifying variables and malignancy/borderline rate based on the local histopathological diagnosis