FIGURE 6.

Trans‐acting lncRNAs act as decoys to fine‐tune cellular pathways. (a) Left—NORAD harbors 15 PREs that allow it to sequester PUM proteins and protect PUM target mRNAs from the inhibitory effects of PUM proteins (Lee et al., 2016). Right—Loss of NORAD leads to PUM target downregulation and results in a wide range of cellular phenotypes, including genomic instability; (b) Left—The predominantly cytoplasmic lncRNA GAS5 binds SRs via a stem–loop structure that mimics genomic GREs and leads to decreased transcription of SR‐responsive genes. Right—Downregulation of GAS5 in breast and prostate cancer results in increased transcription of SR target genes and resistance to apoptosis (Mourtada‐Maarabouni et al., 2009; Pickard et al., 2013)