. 2022 Apr 5;13:812805. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.812805

TABLE 2.

Univariate analyzes results about offspring in terms of the depression scores, math test scores, and word tests among their parents in different famine exposure level.

Group	Paternal			Offspring
	Depression score	Math test	Word test	Depression score	Math test	Word test
Mgroup
Adolescent	26.061 ± 4.751	4.519 ± 5.434	7.519 ± 9.706	27.633 ± 3.094	11.735 ± 6.257	20.244 ± 9.416
School-age	26.656 ± 3.986	5.585 ± 5.845	9.243 ± 10.172	27.337 ± 3.178	13.962 ± 5.682^a	23.140 ± 8.236^a
Infant	26.436 ± 4.041	7.943 ± 6.864^ab	11.161 ± 10.516^ab	27.233 ± 3.239	14.887 ± 5.715^a	24.632 ± 7.580^ab
Fetal	26.978 ± 3.734^a	9.169 ± 6.727^ab	13.540 ± 9.996^abc	27.063 ± 3.142	16.155 ± 5.534^abc	25.430 ± 7.020^ab
Control	26.711 ± 3.720	8.803 ± 5.996^ab	15.325 ± 9.902^abcd	27.104 ± 3.060	16.245 ± 5.452^abc	26.100 ± 6.848^abc
F	2.71	81.99	96.69	2.68	64.88	58.37
P	0.0286	<0.001	<0.001	0.0300	<0.001	<0.001
Fgroup
Adolescent	27.246 ± 4.199	7.202 ± 5.865	13.093 ± 10.825	27.630 ± 2.935	12.453 ± 6.122	21.240 ± 8.731
School-age	27.145 ± 3.916	9.214 ± 6.045^a	15.866 ± 9.911^a	27.217 ± 3.277	14.326 ± 5.735^a	23.531 ± 8.067^a
Infant	27.289 ± 3.404	11.892 ± 6.083^ab	17.645 ± 9.302^ab	27.412 ± 2.696	16.121 ± 5.291^ab	25.787 ± 6.612^ab
Fetal	27.397 ± 3.578	12.295 ± 5.961^ab	18.327 ± 9.117^ab	26.977 ± 3.185	15.773 ± 5.735^ab	24.951 ± 7.817^ab
Control	27.368 ± 3.380	11.412 ± 5.433^abd	19.397 ± 8.514^abc	27.191 ± 2.996	16.260 ± 5.391^ab	26.234 ± 6.719^abd
F	0.77	61.93	42.77	2.21	41.34	41.41
P	0.5442	<0.001	<0.001	0.0659	<0.001	<0.001

^aSignificantly different from Adolescent group (p < 0.05).

^bSignificantly different from School-age group (p < 0.05).

^cSignificantly different from Infant group (p < 0.05).

^dSignificantly different from Fetal group (p < 0.05). Mgroup and Fgroup refer to the famine group according to mother’s or father’s birth time, respectively. Mothers or fathers who were born 1946.1.1–1948.12.31 are classified as adolescent famine exposure; born 1949.1.1–1956.12.31 are classified as school-age famine exposure; born 1957.1.1–1958.12.31 are classified as infancy famine exposure; born 1959.1.1–1961.12.31 are classified as fetal famine exposure; born 1962.1.1–1969.12.31 are classified as the control group.