TABLE 3.
Association of famine-exposed parents with their offspring and their depression scores from 2010 to 2018.
| Parental |
Offspring‡ |
|||||||
| β (95%CI) | P | aOR (95%CI) | P | β (95%CI) | P | aOR* (95%CI) | P | |
| Survey year: 2010 | ||||||||
| Mgroup | ||||||||
| Adolescent | 0.387 (–0.726, 1.500) | 0.495 | 1.125 (0.551, 2.295) | 0.746 | 0.501 (–0.356, 1.358) | 0.252 | 0.588 (0.269, 1.285) | 0.183 |
| School-age | 0.564 (–0.159, 1.286) | 0.126 | 0.951 (0.598, 1.510) | 0.830 | –0.146 (–0.675, 0.382) | 0.587 | 1.096 (0.710, 1.693) | 0.679 |
| Infant | 0.170 (–0.427, 0.768) | 0.577 | 1.073 (0.731, 1.575) | 0.718 | –0.117 (–0.647, 0.414) | 0.666 | 1.066 (0.690, 1.646) | 0.773 |
| Fetal | 0.482 (0.001, 0.963) | 0.049 | 0.952 (0.697, 1.300) | 0.758 | –0.225 (–0.684, 0.234) | 0.336 | 1.059 (0.731, 1.535) | 0.762 |
| Unexposed | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Fgroup | ||||||||
| Adolescent | 0.490 (–0.559, 1.538) | 0.360 | 0.680 (0.311, 1.488) | 0.335 | 0.171 (–0.537, 0.879) | 0.636 | 0.764 (0.418, 1.396) | 0.381 |
| School-age | 0.144 (–0.551, 0.839) | 0.685 | 0.874 (0.520, 1.468) | 0.610 | –0.036 (–0.559, 0.486) | 0.891 | 1.068 (0.697, 1.638) | 0.763 |
| Infant | 0.024 (–0.520, 0.568) | 0.931 | 0.924 (0.617, 1.383) | 0.700 | 0.179 (–0.310, 0.669) | 0.473 | 0.921 (0.615, 1.378) | 0.688 |
| Fetal | –0.051 (–0.496, 0.393) | 0.822 | 1.064 (0.766, 1.478) | 0.712 | –0.477 (–0.907, -0.047) | 0.030 | 1.472 (1.044, 2.075) | 0.027 |
| Unexposed | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Survey year: 2018 | ||||||||
| Mgroup | ||||||||
| Adolescent | 0.020 (–1.334, 1.374) | 0.977 | 0.594 (0.217, 1.627) | 0.311 | ||||
| School-age | –0.165 (–1.015, 0.686) | 0.704 | 0.719 (0.391, 1.321) | 0.288 | ||||
| Infant | 0.059 (–0.797, 0.914) | 0.893 | 0.788 (0.422, 1.470) | 0.454 | ||||
| Fetal | 0.562 (–0.170, 1.293) | 0.132 | 1.388 (0.832, 2.314) | 0.209 | ||||
| Unexposed | Ref. | |||||||
| Fgroup | ||||||||
| Adolescent | –0.049 (–1.170, 1.072) | 0.931 | 0.935 (0.411, 2.126) | 0.872 | ||||
| School-age | 0.117 (–0.725, 0.959) | 0.785 | 1.238 (0.685, 2.237) | 0.480 | ||||
| Infant | 0.305 (–0.501, 1.110) | 0.458 | 1.050 (0.591, 1.865) | 0.868 | ||||
| Fetal | –0.263 (–0.966, 0.439) | 0.463 | 0.786 (0.472, 1.309) | 0.356 | ||||
| Unexposed | Ref. | |||||||
‡The data of the 2018 offspring was corrected using the basic information and their parents’ 2010 depression scores.
*Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with multivariable logistic regression models to measure the association between parental famine exposure and outcomes (their late-life and offspring depression), while adjusting for current location, sex, education level, marital status, age in 2010, income level, social relation, happiness, social status, life satisfaction, body mass index (BMI), health status, diagnosed disease, smoking status, drinking status, and nap status. Mgroup and Fgroup refer to the famine group according to mother’s or father’s birth time, respectively. Mothers or fathers who were born 1946.1.1–1948.12.31 are classified as adolescent famine exposure; born 1949.1.1–1956.12.31 are classified as school-age famine exposure; born 1957.1.1–1958.12.31 are classified as infancy famine exposure; born 1959.1.1–1961.12.31 are classified as fetal famine exposure; born 1962.1.1–1969.12.31 are classified as control group.
Control variables in multivariable linear regression analysis are the same as that in multivariable logistic regression models.
The score < 0 is depression and > 0 is normal in the CFPS, 2010 survey; the total score > 15 is depression, and ≤ 15 is normal in the CFPS, 2018 survey.