TABLE 1.

Descriptive statistics of the analytic sample (N = 1,480).

	Percentage (%)	Mean	SD
Flourishing Indexa		7.5	1.4
Happiness and life satisfaction		7.0	1.8
Mental and physical health		7.4	1.6
Meaning and purpose		7.9	1.7
Character and virtue		7.8	1.4
Close social relationships		7.5	2.0
Changes in dimensions of religiosity
Change in importance of religionb
Decreased since the pandemic	2
Increased since pandemic	24
Change in frequency of prayerb
Decreased since the pandemic	7
Increased since pandemic	33
Change in frequency of religious service attendanceb
Decreased since the pandemic	41
Increased since pandemic	14
Change in sense of connectedness to one’s faith communityb
Decreased since the pandemic	32
Increased since pandemic	19
Control variables
Frequency of religious service attendance before the COVID-19 pandemic		3.4	1.4
Gender: men (ref. women)	32
Race/ethnicity
White American	71
African American	10
Hispanic	9
Asian American	6
Other	3
Age (years)		59.0	13.8
Marital status: married or in partnership (ref. single/divorced/widowed)	78
Education: college degree or higher (ref. less than a college degree)	83
Household income (treated as continuous in the regression models)
Up to $35,000	6
$35,001–$50,000	6
$50,001–$100,000	20
$100,001–$150,000	21
More than $150,000	47
Political party
Republican	23
Democrat	56
Independent	21

Mental Health in Congregations Study (2020), Washington, D.C., United States. Analytic sample after missing data imputation (N = 1,480). Percentages and means are unweighted.

^aThe Flourishing Index and its domains are standardized in the linear multilevel regression models.

^bThe percentages for the middle categories of “same as before the pandemic” are not shown but can be deduced when subtracting from 100.