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. 2022 Apr 5;13:869050. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869050

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Liraglutide pretreatment reduces LPS-induced M1 polarization in vitro. BMDMs from GLP-1R-/- and C57BL/6J mice were isolated and cultured for in vitro study. The cells were pretreated with liraglutide (50 µm) for 24 h, stimulated with LPS (100 nm) for 24 h, and the expression profiles of M1 in BMDMs in each group were analyzed via flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and western blotting. (A) The number of CD86+-positive cells of BMDMs under F4/80+ and CD11b+ subsets was calculated via flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of iNOS (B), TNF-α (C), IL-1β (D), and IL-6 (E) were measured via qRT-PCR. (F) The phosphorylation of STAT1 was analyzed via western blotting. Similar results were obtained from at least three independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3 per group. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the Normal group; ##P < 0.01 vs. the LPS group. &P < 0.05, &&P < 0.01 vs. the LPS+Lira group. BMDMs, bone marrow derived macrophages.