Figure 3.

Thrombotic sequelae and possible outcomes of early anticoagulation in long COVID. (A) In long COVID, EV-delivered virus persistently attacks systemic systems, coupled with chronic hypoxia and persistent inflammatory responses, which collectively damage the vascular endothelium. The above factors also lead to PS exposure on the surface of various types of cells and EVs from which they are derived. These factors influence each other and together promote thrombosis. (B) We propose a hypothesis that early prophylactic anticoagulation in COVID-19 can quickly remove a variety of procoagulant substances, thereby protecting the blood system and surrounding tissues and organs from damage, inhibiting PS exposure to initiate coagulation, and avoiding thrombosis and sequelae.