Table 2.

Comparison between groups during the propulsive and landing phases of the single leg vertical jump

	Involved	Uninvolved	Controls	Involved-uninvolved			Involved controls			Uninvolved controls
				P value	d	Mean difference (95% CIs)	P value	d	Mean difference (95% CIs)	P value	d	Mean difference (95% CIs)
Jump height (cm)	11.0±3.5	13.3±3.3	13.7±2.1	<0.001	0.67	−2.3 (−3.4 to −1.2)	0.016	0.87	−2.4 (−4.5 to −0.4)	0.98		−0.2 (−2.2 to 1.9)
Propulsion
Peak joint motion (°)
Hip flexion	82.9±12.84	78.6±12.1	85.3±12.8	0.003	0.34	4.3 (1.3 to 7.3)	0.15		−8.1 (−18.4 to 2.3)	0.016	0.53	−12.4 (−22.7 to −2.0)
Knee flexion	70.4±7.40	74.0±5.7	75.1±5.9	0.007	0.54	−3.6 (−6.3 to −0.9)	0.043	0.67	−4.7 (−9.2 to −0.1)	0.83		−1.1 (−5.6 to 3.5)
Ankle dorsiflexion	29.6±3.47	31.4±2.81	31.0±4.0	0.022	0.58	−1.8 (−3.4 to −0.2)	0.37		−1.4 (−3.9 to 1.1)	0.91		0.4 (−2.1 to 2.9)
Trunk flexion	49.1±11.85	43.3±12.64	47.1±13.3	<0.001	0.48	5.5 (2.9 to 8.2)	0.68		3.4 (−6.4 to 13.1)	0.86		−2.1 (−11.9 to 7.6)
Anterior pelvic tilt	44.6±9.92	39.5±8.90	44.6±10.1	<0.001	0.54	5.1 (2.7 to 7.5)	1.00		−0.0 (−6.9 to 6.9)	0.19		−5.1 (−12.0 to 1.9)
Joint moments (Nm/kg)
Hip flexion	−3.3±0.5	−3.0±0.7	−3.0±0.6	0.05		−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.0)	0.46		−0.2 (−0.7 to 0.2)	1.00		0.02 (−0.4 to 0.5)
Knee flexion	−1.9±0.3	−2.3±0.4	−2.1±0.4	<0.001	1.23	0.4 (0.3 to 0.6)	0.38		0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4)	0.019	0.77	−0.3 (−0.5 to 0.04)
Ankle dorsiflexion	−2.3±0.3	−2.3±0.3	−2.2±0.2	0.51		0.1 (−0.1 to 0.2)	0.42		−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1)	0.13		−0.2 (−0.4 to 0.04)
Work (J/kg)
Hip	1.5±0.6	1.4±0.6	1.4±0.3	0.64		0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)	0.93		0.1 (−0.3 to 0.4)	1.00		−0.01 (−0.4 to 0.3)
Knee	1.2±0.4	1.6±0.3	1.5±0.4	<0.001	1.19	−0.4 (−0.6 to −0.2)	0.003	0.91	−0.3 (−0.6 to −0.1)	0.86		0.1 (−0.2 to 0.3)
Ankle	1.4±0.4	1.6±0.3	1.5±0.3	0.002	0.62	−0.2 (−0.4 to −0.1)	0.81		−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.2)	0.28		0.2 (−0.1 to 0.4)
Total	4.1±0.9	4.6±0.8	4.4±0.6	<0.001	0.59	−0.5 (−0.8 to −0.2)	0.33		−0.3 (−0.4 to 0.8)	0.72		0.2 (−0.4 to 0.8)
Landing
Peak joint motion (°)
Hip flexion	67.3±16.8	62.2±14.8	64.7±19.1	0.003	0.32	5.1 (1.6 to 8.6)	0.95		−1.8 (−16.6 to 13.1)	0.51		−6.8 (−21.7 to 8.0)
Knee flexion	61.1±11.2	64.8±10.3	62.1±10.2	0.001	0.34	−4.0 (−6.6 to −1.5)	0.91		−1.6 (−10.8 to 7.7)	0.79		2.5 (−6.8 to 11.7)
Ankle dorsiflexion	26.0±4.2	28.0±3.3	27.2±4.6	0.003	0.51	−2.1 (−3.5 to −0.6)	0.74		−1.1 (−4.7 to 2.5)	0.79		1.0 (−2.6 to 4.6)
Trunk flexion	32.5±13.3	28.5±15.9	26.4±11.7	0.018	0.27	4.0 (0.6 to 7.4)	0.91		2.0 (−9.5 to 13.4)	0.90		−2.1 (−13.5 to 9.4)
Anterior pelvic tilt	34.7±10.0	29.1±8.3	33.9±12.0	<0.001	0.62	5.7 (2.7 to 8.6)	0.96		0.8 (−6.6 to 8.3)	0.27		−4.8 (−12.3 to 2.6)
Joint moments (Nm/kg)
Hip flexion	−3.6±1.4	−3.3±1.5	−2.8±1.4	0.26		−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1)	0.20		−0.7 (−1.7 to 0.3)	0.48		−0.5 to −1.5 to 0.5)
Knee flexion	−2.4±0.6	−2.9±0.5	−2.7±0.6	<0.001	0.85	0.4 (0.3 to 0.6)	0.31		0.3 (−0.2 to 0.7)	0.51		−0.2 (−0.6 to −0.2)
Ankle dorsiflexion	−2.5±0.4	−2.6±0.5	−2.4±0.4	0.16		0.2 (−0.03 to 0.3)	0.77		−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.2)	0.27		−0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1)
Work (J/kg)
Hip	−1.2±0.5	−1.1±0.4	−1.1±0.5	0.79		−0.04 (−0.2 to 0.1)	0.83		−0.1 (−0.4 to 0.3)	0.96		−0.04 (−0.4 to 0.3)
Knee	−0.9±0.4	−1.1±0.4	−1.3±0.5	0.014	0.52	0.2 (0.04 to 0.4)	0.049	0.69	0.3 (0.0 to 0.6)	0.68		0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4)
Ankle	−1.0±0.4	−1.1±0.4	−1.2±0.4	0.038	0.39	0.2 (0.01 to 0.3)	0.14		0.2 (−0.1 to 0.5)	0.85		0.1 (−0.2 to 0.3)
Total	−3.1±0.7	−3.4±0.6	−3.5±0.7	<0.001	0.49	0.3 (0.2 to 0.5)	0.07		0.5 (−0.03 to 1.0)	0.78		0.1 (−0.4 to 0.6)

For the ACLR athletes, data are presented for both the reconstructed (‘involved’) and contralateral (‘uninvolved’) leg along with one (randomly selected) leg of the control subjects (‘controls’) as mean±SD The between-group comparisons show p values, non-standarised mean differences and 95% CIs and effect sizes (d) only where p<0.05. Bold indicates statistically significant differences and their respective effect sizes.

ACLR, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.