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. 2022 Apr 5;12:872531. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872531

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Chen, Wang, Xie, Ge, Wu, He, Mou, Ye and Sun

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Complex culture system and possibilities for tumor organoids in cancer immunotherapy research. Complex immune organoid culture systems including fibroblasts, various immune cells, and vasculature in addition to tumor organoids could be leveraged to serve as platforms for testing cancer immunotherapy. Various state-of-the-art technologies can be used in combination with complex tumor organoid culture systems to propel precision medicine. The figure was generated on Biorender.com.