Table 1.

Cox Proportional Hazard Model to Determine Impact of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net/Insecticidal Exposure on Survival of Field-Caught Anopheles gambiae Sensu Lato 72 Hours After Exposure^a

Insecticide Exposure	No. (No. of Events)	HRR (95% CI)	P Valueb
Untreated netting		Reference
PermaNet 2.0 (deltamethrin only)	1135 (1047)	1.095 (.968–1.239)	.15
PermaNet 3.0 side panels (deltamethrin only)	1157 (1088)	0.9664 (.9092–1.027)	.27
PermaNet 3.0 roof panels (PBO + deltamethrin)	563 (533)	1.007 (.939–1.079)	.85
Acetone control		Reference
Alpha-cypermethrin 1×	676 (641)	1.006 (.9696–1.043)	.77
Deltamethrin 1×	683 (645)	0.9942 (.9539–1.036)	.78
Permethrin 1×	693 (661)	1.015 (.9698–1.062)	.52
Clothianidin 1×	698 (581)	1.208 (.9227–1.581)	.17
Chlorfenapyr 1×	708 (580)	1.692 (1.086–2.637)	.02
PBO + deltamethrin 1×	630 (577)	0.9662 (.2411–3.873)	.96
Alpha-cypermethrin 5×	633 (601)	0.9951 (.9407–1.053)	.86
Deltamethrin 5×	652 (610)	0.9942 (.9393–1.052)	.84
Permethrin 5×	636 (583)	0.9931 (.8638–1.142)	.92
Alpha-cypermethrin 10×	624 (587)	0.9951 (.917–1.08)	.91
Deltamethrin 10×	623 (588)	0.9943 (.9072–1.09)	.90
Permethrin 10×	656 (603)	1.026 (.9509–1.107)	.51
1× Insecticide dose		Reference
Alpha-cypermethrin 5×	117 (92)	1.016 (.9069–1.138)	.78
Alpha-cypermethrin 10×	108 (78)	1.007 (.9403–1.078)	.84
Deltamethrin 5×	143 (105)	1.0 (.9035–1.107)	>.99
Deltamethrin 10×	114 (83)	1.0 (.9363–1.068)	>.99
Permethrin 5×	137 (94)	1.022 (.8528–1.225)	.81
Permethrin 10×	157 (114)	0.9952 (.9491–1.044)	.84

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HRR, hazard rate ratio (ratio of hazard rate for control/reference group to hazard rate for treatment group; PBO, piperonyl butoxide.

^aImmediate mortality rates after long-lasting insecticidal net (60 minutes and 24 hours) or insecticidal exposure (30 or 60 minutes, depending on insecticide) were excluded.

^bSignificance cutoff level defined as α = .05.