Catalytic performance of various heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives.
| Catalyst (amount) | Reaction conditions | Time (min) | Run | Yield (%) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co(ii) salen complex@KCC-1 (4 mg) | EtOH, 80 °C | 15 | 8 | 80 | 26 |
| Yb(OPf)3 (6.7 mg), perfluorodecalin (1.5 mL) | AcOH, 80 °C | 360 | 5 | 85 | 58 |
| PMO-ICS (20 mg) | EtOH, reflux | 42 | 4 | 98 | 59 |
| Ti4+/4 Å MS (100 mg) | Toluene, 100 °C | 660 | 4 | 85 | 28 |
| Montmorillonite K10 (25 mg) | EtOH, reflux | 110 | 3 | 75 | 32 |
| Zeolite (25 mg) | EtOH, reflux | 90 | 3 | 75 | 32 |
| Nano-crystalline SZ (25 mg) | EtOH, reflux | 75 | 3 | 81 | 32 |
| Fe3O4/PVAm–SO3H (15 mg) | Solvent free, 100 °C | 30 | 8 | 89 | 60 |
| MC–SO3H (12 mg) | EtOH, 80 °C | 30 | 5 | 96 | This work |