Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Maternal characteristics N = 1474 | Reference ranges lipid concentrations (41) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age at intake, years | 30.8 (4.6) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 22.6 (18.9; 29.9) | |
| Overweight women, n (%) | 347 (25.4) | |
| Parity (nulliparous) | 877 (59.5) | |
| Educational level (high) | 785 (53.3) | |
| Ethnicity (Dutch and Western) | 1060 (71.9) | |
| Smoking (continued smoking in pregnancy) | 232 (15.7) | |
| Alcohol (continued alcohol consumption in pregnancy) | 650 (44.1) | |
| Folic acid supplement use (start preconceptional) | 756 (51.3) | |
| Embryonic sex (male) | 723 (49.1) | |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.41 (0.83) | |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.69 (0.81) | 3.65–5.44 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.19 (0.70; 2.24) | 0.50–1.80 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.77 (0.34) | 1.04–2.02 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.34 (0.67) | 1.55–3.96 |
| Remnant cholesterol, mmol/L | 0.54 (0.32; 1.01) | – |
| Non-HDL-c, mmol/L | 2.93 (0.77) | – |
| TG/HDL-c ratio | 0.67 (0.34; 1.63) | – |
Abbreviations: HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, BMI body mass index. Values are means (SD) for continuous variables with a normal distribution, or medians (90% range) for continuous variables with a skewed distribution. Confounders were imputed. Non-imputed values represent valid percentages