Table 1.
Description of the study sample
| All (N = 575) | Boys (N = 283) | Girls (N = 292) | p-valuea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % or mean (std) | N | % or mean (std) | N | % or mean (std) | ||
| Pregnancy and birth | |||||||
| Maternal age | 575 | 31.7 (6.6) | 173 | 31.8 (6.8) | 200 | 31.7 (6.4) | 0.59 |
| Maternal place of birth | 0.06 | ||||||
| French West Indies | 465 | 80.9 | 238 | 84.1 | 227 | 77.7 | |
| Other Caribbean Islands | 52 | 9.0 | 25 | 8.8 | 27 | 9.2 | |
| Europe | 58 | 10.1 | 20 | 7.1 | 38 | 13.0 | |
| Maternal education (yrs) | 0.54 | ||||||
| < 5 | 28 | 4.9 | 13 | 4.6 | 15 | 5.1 | |
| 5–12 | 398 | 69.2 | 202 | 71.4 | 196 | 67.1 | |
| > 12 | 149 | 25.9 | 68 | 24.0 | 81 | 27.7 | |
| Maternal BMI | 0.57 | ||||||
| Underweight | 33 | 5.8 | 19 | 6.8 | 14 | 4.9 | |
| Normal | 300 | 53.1 | 151 | 54.3 | 149 | 51.9 | |
| Overweight | 131 | 23.2 | 63 | 22.7 | 68 | 23.7 | |
| Obese | 101 | 17.9 | 45 | 16.2 | 56 | 19.5 | |
| Tobacco during pregnancy | 18 | 3.1 | 8 | 2.8 | 10 | 3.4 | 0.68 |
| Alcohol during pregnancy | 12 | 2.2 | 5 | 1.9 | 7 | 2.5 | 0.61 |
| Hypertensionb | 70 | 12.6 | 30 | 10.9 | 40 | 14.2 | 0.25 |
| Diabetesc | 76 | 13.7 | 41 | 15.0 | 35 | 12.5 | 0.39 |
| Preterm birth | 83 | 14.4 | 45 | 15.9 | 38 | 13.0 | 0.32 |
| Small for gestational age | 51 | 8.9 | 31 | 10.9 | 20 | 6.8 | 0.08 |
| Large for gestational age | 51 | 8.9 | 18 | 6.4 | 33 | 11.3 | 0.04 |
| Child at 7 years of age | |||||||
| Age at examination (months) | 575 | 92.0 (2.6) | 283 | 92.1 (2.7) | 292 | 91.9 (2.6) | 0.54 |
| BMI z-score | 0.001 | ||||||
| Underweight | 17 | 3.0 | 12 | 4.3 | 5 | 1.7 | |
| Normal | 406 | 70.9 | 195 | 69.2 | 211 | 72.5 | |
| Overweight | 87 | 15.2 | 33 | 11.7 | 54 | 18.6 | |
| Obese | 63 | 11.0 | 42 | 14.9 | 21 | 7.2 | |
| % Fat mass | 565 | 19.4 (6.2) | 276 | 18.2 (5.8) | 289 | 20.4 (6.5) | < 0.001 |
| Subscapular fold (mm) | 495 | 6.8 (3.1) | 240 | 6.3 (2.8) | 255 | 7.3 (3.3) | < 0.001 |
| Tricipital fold (mm) | 510 | 9.6 (4.1) | 249 | 8.6 (3.9) | 261 | 10.5 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
| Sum of skinfolds (mm) | 495 | 16.5 (6.8) | 240 | 15.0 (6.4) | 255 | 17.9 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 571 | 57.4 (6.8) | 283 | 57.4 (6.8) | 288 | 57.4 (6.9) | 0.80 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 571 | 0.44 (0.04) | 283 | 0.44 (0.04) | 288 | 0.44 (0.05) | 0.63 |
| Sport practice (Yes) | 271 | 47.3 | 140 | 49.8 | 131 | 44.9 | 0.23 |
| Time practicing sports (h/week) d | 271 | 2 (1.5 – 4) | 140 | 2 (2.5 – 4) | 131 | 2 (1 – 3.5) | 0.03 |
| Time watching TV (h/week) | 575 | 11.4 (7.5) | 283 | 11.1 (7.2) | 292 | 11.8 (7.7) | 0.34 |
| Time playing videogames (h/week) | 575 | 3.2 (4.0) | 283 | 3.5 (4.0) | 292 | 2.9 (4.0) | 0.02 |
ap-values from Wilcoxon (continuous variables) or Chi-square (nominal variables) tests
bNon-gestational or gestational hypertension
cNon-gestational or gestational diabetes
dMedian (Q1- Q3) time of sport practice among practicing children