Table 1.
Factors that influence office systolic BP readings
| Measurement methodology | Factors | Change in BP level (mmHg) |
|---|---|---|
| Physiological variables | Recent meal ingestion | –6 |
| Recent alcohol intake | –24 to +24 | |
| Recent caffeine intake | +3 to +14 | |
| Bladder extension | +4 to +33 | |
| Cold exposure | +5 to +32 | |
| Posture | Standing | –3 to +5 |
| Lying | –11 to +10 | |
| Setting | Effect of clinical office setting | –13 to +27 |
| Presence of observer | +12 to +22 | |
| Procedural variables | Insufficient rest period | +4 to +12 |
| Reliance on single measure | +3 to +10 | |
| Talking during procedure | +4 to +19 | |
| Arm lower than heart level | +4 to +23 | |
| Unsupported arm | +5 | |
| Legs crossed at knees | +3 to +15 |