Table 1.
Demographics of patients
|
No SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 1,340) |
SGLT2 inhibitors (n = 723) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 72.0 (61.5–79.0) | 64.0 (52.0–74.0) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 769 (57.4) | 460 (63.6) | 0.006 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) |
10 (2–19) n = 1,164 |
10 (4–17) n = 644 |
0.24 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 1,228 (91.6) | 701 (97.0) | <0.001 |
| Retinopathy |
286 (36.9) n = 776 |
202 (39.0) n = 518 |
0.44 |
| Malignancy | 612 (54.7) | 245 (33.9) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization during a study period | 811 (60.5) | 413 (57.1) | 0.13 |
| Smoking |
145 (33.8) n = 429 |
89 (39.6) n = 225 |
0.32 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63.1 (44.6–80.3) | 63.7 (41.5–81.7) | 0.98 |
| eGFR >60 | 735 (54.8) | 401 (55.5) | |
| eGFR >30 and ≤60 | 434 (32.4) | 220 (30.4) | |
| eGFR >15 and ≤30 | 72 (5.4) | 66 (9.1) | |
| eGFR ≤15 | 99 (7.4) | 36 (5.0) | |
| Dipstick proteinuria | |||
| Negative | 367 (51.8) | 281 (57.8) | 0.01 |
| (+/−) | 138 (19.5) | 63 (13.0) | |
| (+) | 100 (14.1) | 52 (10.7) | |
| (2+) | 67 (9.4) | 60 (12.3) | |
| (3+) | 37 (5.2) | 30 (6.2) | |
| n = 709 | n = 486 | ||
| Use of iron supplementation | 82 (6.1) | 53 (7.3) | 0.33 |
| Use of epoetin β pegol | 47 (3.5) | 38 (5.3) | 0.07 |
| Use of darbepoetin | 35 (2.6) | 4 (0.6) | 0.003 |
| Use of ACE‐I/ARB | 426 (31.8) | 358 (49.5) | <0.001 |
| MCV (fL) | 93.3 (89.8–96.8) | 92.3 (89.2–95.7) | <0.001 |
| MCHC (%) | 33.3 (32.8–33.7) | 33.2 (32.8–33.7) | 0.82 |
| MCH (pg) | 31.0 (29.8–32.2) | 30.8 (29.6–32.0) | 0.001 |
| RDW (%) | 46.4 (43.8–50.3) | 45.3 (42.9–48.1) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 224 (178–270) | 223 (183–274) | 0.60 |
| White blood cell (×109/L) | 6.2 (5.0–7.9) | 6.5 (5.0–7.9) | 0.02 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/L) |
2.6 (0.7–13.7) n = 686 |
1.6 (0.6–7.0) n = 279 |
0.003 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) |
135 (79–236) n = 104 |
120 (62–202) n = 81 |
0.23 |
| Transferrin saturation (%) |
28 (21–36) n = 81 |
28.5 (21.5–35.5) n = 84 |
0.60 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) (%) |
53 (47–62) [7.1 (6.5–7.9)] ( n = 1,239) |
56 (48–65) [7.3 (6.6–8.1)] (n = 705) |
0.01 |
Data are shown as n (%) or median (interquartile range). P‐values were by the χ2‐test or Mann‐Whitney U‐test. When some of the data are missing, the numbers of available data are shown in parentheses.
ACE‐I, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RDW, red cell distribution width; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2.