Table 2.

Association between the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and anemia (case–control analyses)

	Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
Univariate	0.35 (0.21–0.58)
Model 1	0.28 (0.10–0.81)
Model 2	0.22 (0.05–0.94)
Analysis limited to those with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2	0.28 (0.14–0.56)
Analysis limited to those with eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2	0.30 (0.12–0.74)

The data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin <120 g/L for men and <110 g/L for women or the use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Model 1: the data were adjusted for duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, history of malignancy, active malignancy, chemotherapy, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β‐blockers, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, statin, aspirin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, biguanides, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonist, sulfonylurea, α‐glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, glinides and insulin. Model 2: the data were adjusted for variables in model 1, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, red cell distribution width, white blood cell counts and platelet counts.

eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.