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. 2022 Apr 19;12:6457. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10097-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Evolutionary tree of the 3167 unique SARS-CoV-2 RBD variants detected by October 5, 2021. The so-called α (B.1.1.7), β (B.1.351), γ (P.1), δ (B.1.617.2), λ (C.37) and μ (B.1.621) lineages are identified as green, blue, purple, deep purple, light orange and dark orange terminal leaves in the tree, respectively. The distance of the branching to the core represents, as indicated by the scale, the time when this branching occurred. (b) The relationship between the mean depth (d) and weight of the (A) cluster subtrees in the evolutionary tree. The discontinuous and continuous lines correspond to the two theoretical extreme binary trees: fully asymmetric trees (black dashed line) and fully symmetric (green solid line). The scales of the axes are chosen so that a behavior of the type d ~ (ln A) 2 appears as a straight line. Symbol colors correspond to the so-called α (green), β (blue), γ (purple) and μ (orange) RBD variants.