Table 5.
Estimation results of regional and temporal heterogeneity
| Variable | Regional heterogeneity | Temporal heterogeneity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
| Eastern region | Central and western region | 2005–2013 | 2014–2017 | |
| lnPJ |
− 2.5549** (− 2.24) |
1.4837*** (3.07) |
0.4802 (0.73) |
− 0.9053*** (− 2.87) |
| W*lnPJ | 3.6742 (0.59) | 11.073** (2.53) | − 13.195* (− 1.65) | − 9.63*** (− 2.87) |
| Control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Time-fixed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City-fixed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| ρ | 0.4974*** | 0.8260** | 0.8480*** | 0.8340*** |
| (5.82) | (18.5) | (18.08) | (10.96) | |
| R2 | 0.632 | 0.439 | 0.281 | 0.326 |
Z-values are in ()
*Significance at 10% level; ** significance at 5% level; *** significance at 1% levels