Table 4.

Cox Proportional Hazards Models for BZDR Consumption and Risk of Dementia According to Defined Daily Dose and Gender Groups

	All population		Women		Men
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)*
All BZDs
<90 DDD	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
91–180 DDD	1.59 (1.39–1.82)	1.27 (1.11–1.47)	1.79 (1.47–2.20)	1.40 (1.14–1.73)	1.43 (1.19–1.72)	1.18 (0.98–1.43)
>180 DDD	2.24 (2.06–2.43)	1.52 (1.39–1.66)	2.09 (1.83–2.38)	1.56 (1.36–1.79)	2.24 (2.01–2.49)	1.49 (1.33–1.67)
Short-intermediate
<90 DDD	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
91–180 DDD	1.41 (1.23–1.62)	1.23 (1.06–1.43)	1.34 (1.07–1.68)	1.18 (0.93–1.48)	1.45 (1.22–1.74)	1.27 (1.05–1.54)
>180 DDD	1.74 (1.60–1.90)	1.39 (1.27–1.52)	1.59 (1.38–1.83)	1.40 (1.21–1.62)	1.80 (1.61–2.00)	1.38 (1.23–1.56)
Intermediate-long
<90 DDD	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
91–180 DDD	1.10 (0.95–1.29)	1.00 (0.85–1.18)	1.22 (0.93–1.60)	1.11 (0.84–1.46)	1.03 (0.85–1.24)	0.95 (0.78–1.16)
>180 DDD	1.57 (1.44–1.72)	1.30 (1.18–1.44)	1.53 (1.30–1.81)	1.40 (1.18–1.66)	1.54 (1.38–1.72)	1.26 (1.12–1.42)
Z-drugs
<90 DDD	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref	ref
91–180 DDD	1.38 (1.07–1.78)	1.34 (1.03–1.76)	1.21 (0.78–1.88)	1.23 (0.78–1.96)	1.48 (1.09–2.02)	1.40 (1.00–1.95)
>180 DDD	1.17 (0.99–1.37)	1.04 (0.87–1.23)	1.15 (0.86–1.54)	1.15 (0.85–1.56)	1.15 (0.95–1.40)	0.98 (0.80–1.21)

Abbreviations: BZD, benzodiazepine; CI, confidence interval; DDD, defined daily dose; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.

*Adjusted by age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipemia, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances.