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Tocopherols are metabolized via CYP4F2-mediated ω-hydroxylation and oxidation to generate 13′-OHs and 13′-COOHs. 13′-COOHs are further metabolized via β-oxidation that removes two- or three-carbon moieties each cycle and generate intermediate carboxychromanols and terminal CEHCs. Under the condition of supplementation, sulfation of carboxychromanols may take place in parallel with β-oxidation.
