Table 4.

The in vitro efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles (the preliminary investigation).

Concentration	A. columbae adult
	⁎M.M. % ± S. E
	1 h	2 h	4 h
25 ppm	35.5 ± 0.57	60.9 ± 0.55	3.6 ± 0.00
12.5 ppm	31.0 ± 0.8	65.45 ± 0.59	3.55 ± 0.00
6.25 ppm	17.6 ± 0.55	50 ± 0.49	32.4 ± 0.57
3 ppm	00 ± 0.00	00 ± 0.00	40 ± 0.84
2 ppm	00 ± 0.00	00 ± 0.00	10.5 ± 0.98

^⁎M.M % ± S.E = Mean mortality ± Standard deviation.