Table 2:

Left atrial strain and strain rate with adjustments for left ventricular function

	Mean ± SD			Adjusted Mean ± SE
	HFpEF	Healthy Controls	p-value	HFpEF	Healthy Controls	p-value
LA reservoir strain (%)	16.4±4.4	18.2±3.5	0.018	16.0±0.6	18.8±0.8	0.025
LA reservoir strain rate (s⁻¹)	0.88±0.30	1.01±0.35	0.022	0.86±0.05	1.03±0.06	0.09
LA conduit strain (%)	7.7±3.3	9.1±3.4	0.028	7.4±0.5	9.5±0.6	0.024
LA conduit strain rate (s⁻¹)	−0.77±0.32	−0.92±0.30	0.010	−0.75±0.05	−0.95±0.06	0.031
LA booster strain (%)	8.7±3.2	9.1±3.3	0.50	8.6±0.5	9.3±0.6	0.52
LA booster strain rate (s⁻¹)	−1.15±0.46	−1.14±0.50	0.88	−1.12±0.07	−1.19±0.10	0.67
LA Stiffness Index (a.u.)	0.86±0.39	0.53±0.18	<0.001	0.86±0.05	0.53±0.07	0.001

*Select LA Strain Metrics Indexed to LV function*
LA reservoir Strain/ LV Longitudinal strain	−0.84±0.25	−1.02±0.31	<0.001	−0.84±0.04	−1.02±0.06	0.034
Peak LA reservoir strain rate/Peak LV longitudinal strain rate	−0.05±0.02	−0.06±0.03	0.009	−0.05±0.01	0.06±0.01	0.13
LA reservoir strain/E/e’	1.37±0.52	2.08±0.66	<0.001	1.42±0.08	2.01±0.12	<0.001
LA Stiffness Index/LV Longitudinal Strain	−0.05±0.03	−0.03±0.01	<0.001	−0.05±0.01	0.03±0.01	0.018
LA conduit strain/E/e’	0.65±0.33	1.02±0.41	<0.001	0.66±0.05	1.00±0.07	0.001
Peak LA conduit strain rate/E/e’	−0.07±0.03	−0.10±0.04	<0.001	−0.07±0.01	−0.10±0.01	0.002
LA conduit strain/eCSRd	8.22±3.97	8.19±2.98	0.96	7.96±0.56	8.59±0.77	0.59
Peak LA Conduit Strain Rate/eCRSd	−0.83±0.36	−0.86±0.38	0.71	−0.83±0.06	−0.88±0.08	0.68
LA conduit strain/eLSRd	9.53±6.65	10.19±3.40	0.53	9.32±0.85	10.53±1.21	0.50
Peak LA Conduit Strain Rate/eLRSd	−0.94±0.70	−1.04±0.29	0.35	−0.92±0.09	−1.09±0.12	0.35

Values shown as mean±SD or LSmeans±SE adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and race as indicated. Abbreviations: LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium. LA Stiffness index calculated as E/e’/LA reservoir strain;. eCSRd, early diastolic circumferential strain rate; eLSRd, early diastolic longitudinal strain rate.