. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Hepatol. 2022 Jan 21;76(5):1100–1108. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.034

Table 3 –

Association between Statin Exposure and High-Grade ACLF in IPTW-Adjusted Cox Regression and Marginal Structural Models

Model	IPTW-Adjusted Cox Regression^† HR (95% CI)	Marginal Structural Models^‡ HR (95% CI)

*Primary Models*

(1) Binary Statin Exposure, Time-Updated	0.62 (0.59 – 0.65)^*	0.73 (0.66 – 0.80)^*

(2) Lipid Lowering Medication Exposure, Time-Updated
None	(ref)	(ref)
Statin Alone	0.62 (0.59 – 0.65)^*	0.74 (0.67 – 0.81)^*
Non-Statin Lipid Lowering Medication Alone	1.08 (0.97 – 1.21)	1.62 (1.28 – 2.05)^*

(3) Statin Dose Exposure, Time-Updated		>
0mg (simvastatin equivalents)	(ref)	(ref)
<20mg (simvastatin equivalents)	0.75 (0.66 – 0.86)^*	0.81 (0.63 – 1.05)
≥20mg (simvastatin equivalents)	0.61 (0.58 – 0.64)^*	0.72 (0.65 – 0.79)^*

*Cumulative Exposure Models*

(1) Statin Time Exposure (per 5 months)	0.91 (0.90 – 0.92)^*	0.95 (0.93 – 0.98)^*

(2) Statin Dose-Time Exposure (per 400mg-months)	0.94 (0.93 – 0.95)^*	0.95 (0.93 – 0.98)^*

Statistically significant at the alpha = 5% level

^†

Each model adjusts for time-updating LDL, total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and baseline statin exposure.

^‡

Each model adjusts for age, sex, race, baseline diabetes, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, CTP class, prior cirrhosis decompensation, TIPS, MELD-Na, LDL, total cholesterol, and time-updating diabetes, coronary artery disease, LDL, and total cholesterol.