Table 3:
Logistic regression analysis of Down syndrome as underlying cause of death, 2005–2017 US Multiple Cause of Death files, n=22,747
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age (ref: 18–29) | ||||
| 30–39 | 0.84 | (0.69, 1.02) | 0.81* | (0.66, 0.99) |
| 40–49 | 0.96 | (0.81, 1.14) | 0.96 | (0.80, 1.14) |
| 50–59 | 0.99 | (0.84, 1.17) | 0.99 | (0.83, 1.17) |
| 60–69 | 1.01 | (0.85, 1.20) | 0.99 | (0.83, 1.18) |
| 70–103 | 0.51*** | (0.42, 0.64) | 0.54*** | (0.44, 0.68) |
| Female | 0.99 | (0.93, 1.05) | 0.99 | (0.93, 1.05) |
| Race-ethnicity (ref: White) | ||||
| Black | 1.23*** | (1.10, 1.37) | 1.24*** | (1.11, 1.39) |
| Hispanic | 1.10 | (0.98, 1.25) | 1.15* | (1.02, 1.30) |
| Other | 1.22 | (0.96, 1.53) | 1.20 | (0.95, 1.53) |
| Education (ref: 0–8 years) | ||||
| 9+ years | 0.98 | (0.92, 1.05) | 0.97 | (0.90, 1.04) |
| Missing | 0.96 | (0.88, 1.05) | 0.98 | (0.89, 1.08) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Number of comorbidities (ref: 1) | ||||
| 2 | 0.49*** | (0.45, 0.54) | 0.48*** | (0.44, 0.53) |
| 3 | 0.29*** | (0.26, 0.32) | 0.28*** | (0.25, 0.31) |
| 4–13 | 0.13*** | (0.12, 0.15) | 0.12*** | (0.10, 0.13) |
| Alzheimer’s disease/Unspecified dementia | 0.86*** | (0.80, 0.93) | 0.67** | (0.52, 0.86) |
| Heart disease | 0.93* | (0.86, 1.00) | 0.91* | (0.84, 0.98) |
| Influenza/pneumonia | 3.83*** | (3.53, 4.17) | 4.10*** | (3.76, 4.47) |
| Pneumonitis | 0.98 | (0.90, 1.06) | 0.94 | (0.86, 1.03) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 0.38*** | (0.33, 0.45) | 0.37*** | (0.32, 0.43) |
| Respiratory disease | 1.50*** | (1.37, 1.63) | 1.57*** | (1.44, 1.72) |
| Genitourinary diseases | 0.99 | (0.88, 1.11) | 0.99 | (0.88, 1.11) |
| Choking | 1.04 | (0.90, 1.18) | 1.05 | (0.92, 1.21) |
| Congenital heart defect | 1.55*** | (1.31, 1.83) | 1.51*** | (1.27, 1.79) |
| Malignant neoplasms | 0.06*** | (0.05, 0.09) | 0.06*** | (0.04, 0.09) |
| Non-specific conditions (R-code) | 2.40*** | (2.23, 2.58) | 2.50*** | (2.32, 2.70) |
| Cerebral palsy | 0.54** | (0.36, 0.81) | 0.53** | (0.35, 0.79) |
| Intellectual disability | 1.52*** | (1.33, 1.75) | 1.51*** | (1.31, 1.74) |
| Death context and processing | ||||
| Place of death (ref: Hospital inpatient) | ||||
| Hospital outpatient/ER/DOA | 1.09 | (0.95, 1.25) | 1.09 | (0.94, 1.25) |
| Home | 1.23*** | (1.13, 1.34) | 1.26*** | (1.15, 1.38) |
| Nursing home | 1.32*** | (1.22, 1.43) | 1.37*** | (1.26, 1.49) |
| Other/Unknown | 1.21** | (1.09, 1.35) | 1.21*** | (1.08, 1.36) |
| Autopsy (ref: No) | ||||
| Yes | 0.65*** | (0.55, 0.78) | 0.61*** | (0.51, 0.73) |
| Unknown | 1.11 | (0.99, 1.24) | 1.11 | (0.99, 1.25) |
| Year of death (ref: 2005) | ||||
| 2006 | 0.82* | (0.71, 0.97) | 1.03 | (0.86, 1.23) |
| 2007 | 0.80** | (0.68, 0.93) | 1.08 | (0.91, 1.30) |
| 2008 | 0.87 | (0.75, 1.01) | 1.14 | (0.96, 1.36) |
| 2009 | 0.71*** | (0.61, 0.82) | 1.01 | (0.85, 1.20) |
| 2010 | 0.75*** | (0.65, 0.88) | 1.07 | (0.89, 1.29) |
| 2011 | 1.03 | (0.89, 1.20) | 1.08 | (0.90, 1.29) |
| 2012 | 1.08 | (0.93, 1.25) | 1.08 | (0.90, 1.29) |
| 2013 | 1.13 | (0.97, 1.31) | 1.21* | (1.01, 1.44) |
| 2014 | 1.96*** | (1.68, 2.28) | 1.18 | (0.99, 1.41) |
| 2015 | 2.36*** | (2.03, 2.74) | 1.30** | (1.09, 1.56) |
| 2016 | 2.27*** | (1.95, 2.63) | 1.29** | (1.08, 1.55) |
| 2017 | 2.22*** | (1.91, 2.58) | 1.16 | (0.97, 1.38) |
| Alzheimer’s disease/Unspecified
dementia X Year of death |
0.36*** | (0.24, 0.53) | ||
| 2006 | 0.26*** | (0.18. 0.39) | ||
| 2007 | 0.30*** | (0.21, 0.44) | ||
| 2008 | 0.21*** | (0.14, 0.31) | ||
| 2009 | 0.25*** | (0.17, 0.37) | ||
| 2010 | 0.90 | (0.64, 1.27) | ||
| 2011 | 1.07 | (0.76, 1.50) | ||
| 2012 | 0.85 | (0.60, 1.18) | ||
| 2013 | 6.08*** | (4.26, 8.68) | ||
| 2014 | 8.91*** | (6.15, 12.91) | ||
| 2015 | 6.56*** | (4.63, 9.30) | ||
| 2016 | 10.91*** | (7.59, 15.67) | ||
| 2017 | 1.40*** | (1.12, 1.75) | ||
| Intercept | 1.30* | (1.05, 1.61) | 1.40*** | (1.12, 1.75) |
Note:
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.
Bold text = predictor accounted for > 1% of variance in outcome, sr2>.01.