Table 2.
Penn Alcohol Craving Scale Scores and NIH Emotions Toolbox Negative Affect and Stress by Co-use status and Sex
| Frequent co-users | Alcohol only | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Female | Male | |
| Cravinga | 16.6 (7.3) | 9.8 (6.3) | 9.6 (6.0) | 9.1 (5.1) |
| Anger Affectb | 59.6 (13.2) | 51.6 (10.4) | 51.9 (9.8) | 53.0 (9.3) |
| Anger Hostility | 56.4 (8.5) | 53.5 (11.7) | 53.1 (9.4) | 52.8 (11.2) |
| Anger Physical Aggression | 53.6 (10.4) | 52.2 (11.0) | 57.0 (10.7) | 56.9 (11.6) |
| Sadnessa | 64.2 (10.2) | 50.3 (13.3) | 51.6 (10.4) | 52.0 (12.9) |
| Fear Affecta | 66.4 (9.4) | 53.5 (11.9) | 53.1 (9.2) | 55.7 (10.7) |
| Fear Somatic | 50.4 (9.2) | 51.1 (10.3) | 48.5 (7.6) | 49.8 (9.0) |
| Perceived Stressa | 64.9 (8.5) | 53.7 (10.6) | 53.8 (10.8) | 53.4 (11.3) |
| Self-efficacyc | 40.1 (9.0) | 47.5 (7.1) | 51.1 (10.0) | 52.0 (9.8) |
a
A significant interaction between Group and Sex was observed, with women co-users reporting greater craving, sadness, fear affect, and perceived stress than the other three groups. In addition, there were main effects of Sex and Group with women having higher scores than men and co-users having scores craving than alcohol-only users.
b
A main effect of Group was observed, such that co-users reported higher anger affect than alcohol-only users.
c
Significant main effects of Sex and Group were observed for self-efficacy, with men scoring higher than women and alcohol-only users scoring higher than co-users.