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. 2022 Apr 19;12:6454. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10393-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of PB MIC and PB MEAC. (A) PB MIC: Polymyxin B minimal concentration that disrupts the outer and inner membranes of GNB and leads to bacterial growth inhibition. (B) PB MEAC: Polymyxin B sub-inhibitory concentration that leads to minimal disrupt or destabilization of bacterial outer membrane but does not lead to bacterial growth inhibition. PB MEAC allows CBD antibacterial activity in the combination CBD + PB, even against PB-resistant strains containing phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) and/or 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (l-Ara4N) cationic groups on their lipid A molecule.