Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Sep 7;47(6):1199–1209. doi: 10.1038/s41386-021-01176-2

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — A Fiber photometry to assess basolateral amygdala (BLA) activity. Left: Rats received unilateral optic fiber implant and application of AAV-CaMKii-GCaMP6f into BLA. Right: BLA neuron activity was measured throughout punishment. B Behavior of BLA photometry animals. Left: Mean ± SEM lever-press rate on punished and unpunished levers for last day of lever-press training (T) and punishment sessions (P1–P6) (n = 14). Right: Mean ± SEM lever-press rate during choice test (n = 10). C Left: GCaMP6f expression and fiber tip location for animals included in analysis (n = 14). Right: Example BLA placement. D Example of 465nm- and 405nm-related signals during early (P1; top) and late (P5-6; bottom) punishment sessions, with shock deliveries times. E Mean ± SEM of subject-based (n = 14) BLA activity kernel around shock deliveries during early (P1; teal) and late (P5-6; purple) punishment. Bars at bottom of graph indicate significant deviations from baseline (dF/F ≠ 0), determined via bootstrapped confidence intervals (95% CI). Vertical dashed line indicates shock onset, horizontal dashed line indicates baseline (dF/F = 0). F Mean ± SEM BLA activity kernel around punished (PunLP; red) and unpunished (UnpLP; blue) lever-presses (no outcome) across training (T), punishment (P1, P5-6) and choice test. Bars at bottom of graph indicate significant deviations from baseline (95% CI) for PunLP and UnpLP, and significant differences between punished and unpunished kernels (Difference; orange). Vertical dashed lines indicate time of lever-press, horizontal dashed lines indicate baseline (dF/F = 0).