. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Oct 20;20(8):1867–1876.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.10.024

Table 2.

Prevalence and odds ratio of constipation in patients with colorectal cancer and matched comparators

Group	N exposed (% with constipation)		Odds ratio^* (95%CI)	Odds ratio^** (95%CI)
Group	CRC with constipation	Comparators with constipation	Odds ratio^* (95%CI)	Odds ratio^** (95%CI)
Overall	3 943 (9.5%)	17 887 (8.8%)	1.10 (1.06–1.14)	1.10 (1.06–1.14)
Sex
Female	2 376 (12.2%)	10 604 (11.1%)	1.12 (1.07–1.18)	1.13 (1.07–1.18)
Male	1 567 (7.2%)	7 283 (6.8%)	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	1.07 (1.01–1.13)
Age
18y – <30y	5 (6.7%)	0	_-	_-
30y – <40y	6 (1.6%)	17 (0.9%)	1.83 (0.70–4.80)	2.08 (0.78–5.58)
40y – <50y	43 (3.0%)	111 (1.6%)	1.93 (1.34–2.77)	1.91 (1.33–2.75)
50y – <60y	159 (3.9%)	542 (2.7%)	1.51 (1.26–1.81)	1.51 (1.25–1.81)
60y – <70y	661 (6.2%)	2 276 (4.3%)	1.47 (1.34–1.61)	1.47 (1.34–1.61)
≥70y	3 069 (12.5%)	14 941 (12.4%)	1.01 (0.97–1.05)	1.01 (0.97–1.05)
Country of birth
Nordic country	3 630 (9.5%)	16 342 (8.7%)	1.10 (1.06–1.14)	1.10 (1.06–1.14)
Other	313 (10.5%)	1 545 (9.9%)	1.24 (0.95–1.64)	1.25 (0.95–1.64)
Level of education
≤9 years	1 621 (10.2%)	8 275 (10.6%)	0.95 (0.89–1.02)	0.95 (0.89–1.02)
10–12 years	1 487 (9.3%)	6 028 (7.8%)	1.25 (1.16–1.35)	1.25 (1.16–1.35)
>12 years	765 (8.5%)	3 116 (7.0%)	1.18 (1.04–1.34)	1.18 (1.04–1.34)
Year of colon cancer/Index year
July 2007–2010	1 008 (6.1%)	4 943 (6.1%)	1.00 (0.93–1.08)	1.01 (0.94–1.08)
2011–2013	1 480 (10.8%)	6 431 (9.5%)	1.16 (1.09–1.23)	1.16 (1.09–1.23)
2014–2016	1 455 (13.1%)	6 513 (11.9%)	1.12 (1.05–1.19)	1.12 (1.05–1.19)
Disease history within 5 years before index date, no. (%)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)	2 629 (13.8%)	10 283 (15.5%)	0.87 (0.82–0.92)	0.87 (0.83–0.92)
Cancer (excluding CRC)	1 210 (12.1%)	3 395 (14.0%)	0.93 (0.83–1.04)	0.93 (0.83–1.04)
Diabetes	745 (14.8%)	2 513 (15.7%)	0.90 (0.76–1.08)	0.91 (0.76–1.09)
Neurologic disease	823 (17.9%)	4 046 (19.2%)	0.78 (0.67–0.91)	0.78 (0.67–0.91)
None of the above	763 (4.8%)	5 188 (4.6%)	1.23 (1.12–1.35)	1.23 (1.12–1.35)

CRC, colorectal cancer.

Conditioned on matching set (age, sex, county, and calendar period);

^**

Conditioned on matching set and further adjusted for education