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. 2022 Apr 19;9:182. doi: 10.1038/s41597-022-01239-z

Table 3.

Definitions of translational and spiral motion directions.

Direction in degrees Linear Motion Spiral Motion
Up Expansion
45° Diagonal up and right Clockwise outward spiral
90° Right Clockwise rotation
135° Diagonal down and right Clockwise inward spiral
180° Down Contraction
225° Diagonal down and left Counterclockwise inward spiral
270° Left Counterclockwise rotation
315° Diagonal up and left Counterclockwise outward spiral

Note that the definition for translational motion deviates from the geometric convention where 0° is rightward and angle increases in counterclockwise direction; instead 0° is defined as upward motion and angle increases in the clockwise direction.