Table 2.

Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for cohort studies.

Articles	Were the two groups similar and recruited from the same population?	Were the exposures measured similarly to assign people To both exposed and unexposed groups?	To both exposed and unexposed groups?	Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Were confounding factors identified?	Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	Were the groups/participants free of the outcome at the start of the study (or at the moment of exposure)?	Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Was the follow up time reported and sufficient to be long enough for outcomes to occur?	Was follow up complete, and if not, were the reasons to loss to follow up described and explored?	Were strategies to address incomplete follow up utilized?	Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Score %
Blank et al. 23	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	67
Hanna et al. 24	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	96
Kelso et al. 25	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	No	No	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	72
Lazenby et al. 13	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	83
Ludema et al. 26	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	89
McFall et al. 27	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	89
McKinney et al. 28	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	100
Mills et al. 29	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	89
Truong et al. 32	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	78
Yee et al. 35	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Yes	Yes	78