Table 3.

Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies.

Items	Okonsky et al. 30	Turan et al. 33	Wilson et al. 34
Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way?	Unclear	Yes	Yes
Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Were confounding factors identified?	No	No	No
Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated?	No	No	No
Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Was appropriate statistical analysis used?	Yes	Yes	Yes
Score	69%	75%	75%