TABLE 1.

Characteristics of the study participants.

	Number	Age (year)	Body-mass index (kg/m2)
Participants whose FEUA data were available	1,518	51.9 ± 8.39	23.3 ± 2.77
All participants a	4,521	52.9 ± 9.21	23.4 ± 2.89

Japanese male individuals were recruited from health examination participants in Shizuoka and Daiko areas of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study (Hamajima, 2007; Asai et al., 2009). Data are expressed as means ± SD. FE_UA, fractional excretion of uric acid.

^aA population studied in this study did not include any subjects with hypouricemia (serum urate ≤ 2.0 mg/dl) (Nakayama et al., 2019; Kawamura et al., 2021).