Table 2.
Anti-tumorigenic effect of the relationship between stromal cells and immune cells in TME.
| Cell type | Mediator | Effect function | Type of Tumor | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CAF
TEC |
Regulation of CTLA4 expression | Balance of Teff/Treg ratio | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | (157) |
| BMP/TGF-β signaling → Lgr5+ CSCs↓ | Suppression of FOXP3+ Treg Induction of CD8+ T cell |
Colorectal cancer | (158) | |
| CCL19 production | Intratumoral accumulation of CD8+T cell infiltration↑ | Lung carcinoma | (159) | |
| STC1 production → Inhibition of GRP94 binding on TAM |
Inhibition of TAM differentiation | Lung adenocarcinoma Lung adenoma |
(160) | |
| IL-33 production → IL-12↑, IFN-γ↑ | Promotion of CD8+ T cell infiltration | Colon cancer | (163, 164) | |
| Induction of cytotoxic NK cell proliferation | Breast cancer | (165–167) | ||
| NF-kb-IKKβ signaling in intestinal mesenchymal cells (IMCs) | Induction of T cell infiltration | Inflammation-associated colorectal cancer | (168) | |
| SIRT1/TLR2 interaction↑ | ECs-monocyte adhesion Inflammation↑ |
Non-cancer (Vascular inflammation) |
(170) | |
| T cell | Activated CD8+ T cell derived EVs | CAF progression, invasion, and metastasis inhibition | Pancreatic cancer | (173) |
| Regulation of GSH/Cystine Metabolism in CAF | Diminished fibroblast mediated platinum resistance | Ovarian cancer | (174) | |
| DC | Induction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70 | Fusion with CAF and induction of T cell stimulation | Hepatoma | (175) |
| NK cell | DNAM-1 activation | Suppression of EC and induction of NK cell cytotoxicity | Multiple myeloma | (176) |
CSCs, Cancer stem cells; CCL19, Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19; STC1, Stanniocalcin-1, GRP94, Glucose-regulated protein 94; IKK, Inhibitor of nuclear factor-kB kinase; SIRT1, Sirtulin1; TLR2, Toll like receptor 2; EV, Extracellular vesicles; GSH, Glutathione.; DNAM1, DNAX accessory molecule (CD226).
↑, increase; ↓, decrease.