TABLE 4.

Summary of cardiovascular disease effects of Re.

Inducer	Experimental Model	Outcome and Proposed Mechanism	Reference(s)
I/R	SD rats	Haemodynamic change↑, [Ca2 +]i↓	Kim et al. (2011)
	Cardiomyocytes, Guinea pig ventricular myocytes	I(Ks) ↑, I(Ca,L) ↓	Bai et al. (2003), Bai et al. (2004)
LADCA ligation	Wistar rats, SD rat	Infarct size↓, MPO↓, PMN infiltration↓, ICAM-1↓	Jing et al. (2010), Li et al. (2013)
I/R	SD rats	Hemodynamic parameter↑, QRS complex↓, QT interval↓, R-R interval↓, TNF-α↓	Lim et al. (2013)
Isoproterenol	Wistar rats	TGF-β↓, p-Smad3↓, collagen I↓	Wang et al. (2019)
MI	SD rats	Heart rate↑, LVEF↑, LVPWd↑, LVPWs↑, IVSTd↑, IVSTs↑, SOD↑, FAK↑, PI3K↑, Akt↑, AMPKα↑, LVDd↓, LVDs↓, EDV↓, ESV↓, CK-MB↓, cTnT↓, MDA↓, Ang II↓, ANP↓, BNP↓, TGF-β1↓, Smad↓	Yu et al. (2020)
tBHP, MI/R	H9c2 cells, SD rats	miR-30c-5p↑, Apoptosis↓, LDH↓, p53↓	Wang et al. (2020)
GD	H9c2 cells	Cell viability↑, SOD↑, ATP depletion↑, LC3B-2↑, MDA↓	Zhang et al. (2020)
H/R	HL-1 cells	Cell viability↑, ATP Levels↑, LC3B-2↑, p-AMPK↑	Sun et al. (2020)
	Cat and human cardiomyocytes	[Ca2+]i transient amplitude↑, Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content↓	Wang et al. (2008b)
	Guinea pig ventricular myocytes	IKs↑, eNOS↑, PI3K↑, Akt↑	Furukawa et al. (2006)
	VSMCs	KCa↑, eNOS↑, PI3K↑, Akt↑	Nakaya et al. (2007)
	HUVEC	[Ca2+]i↑, NO↑, eNOS↑	Leung et al. (2007)
	HCAEC	Outward currents↑, SKCa currents↑	Sukrittanon et al. (2014)
Balloon	SD rats	vessel lumen↑, NO↑, cGMP↑, eNOS↑, PCNA positive cells↓	Gao et al. (2018)
PDGF-BB	VSMCs	cGMP↑, NO↑, p-eNOS/eNOS↑, p21↑, PCNA↓, cyclin D1↓, CDK4↓	Gao et al. (2019)
H2O2	HUVECs	NO↑, eNOS↑, SOD↑, GSH-Px↑, LDH↓, MDA↓	Huang et al. (2016)
Ox-LDL	HUVECs	ERα↑, PI3K↑, PKB↑, LOX-1↓, NADPH oxidase↓, NF-κB↓, p-p38↓	Yang et al. (2018)
bFGF	HUVECs, Wistar rats	Cell proliferation↑, hemoglobin content in ECMs↑, migration, tube formation↑, neo-collagen regenerate↑	Huang et al. (2005)
bFGF, Matrigel	HUVECs, C57/BL6 mice	Cell proliferation and migration↑, tube formation↑, neo-vessels density↓	Yu et al. (2007)