TABLE 6.

Summary of other disease effects of Re.

Effect	Experimental Model	Outcome and Proposed Mechanism	Reference(s)
Anti-viral	CVB3, and HRV3 infection HeLa and Vero cells	Cytotoxicity↓	Song et al. (2014)
Anti-viral and immune response	RV-induced ICR mice	Splenocyte proliferative↑, IL-4↑, IL-10↑, IL-12↑, IFN-γ↑, CD4+ cells↓, CD8+ cells↓	Su et al. (2014)
	H3N2-induced ICR mice	Th1↑, Th2↑	Song et al. (2010)
Anti-viral	Avian influenza H9N2 infected HUVEC cells	miR-15b↑, Cell viability↑, IP-10↓, DNA damage↓	Chan et al. (2011)
Immune response	CD4+ T cells	Cell viability↑, IFN-γ↓, IL-13↓, IRGM↓	Son et al. (2010)
	OVA-induced ICR mice	Th1↑, Th2↑	Sun et al. (2006)
Osteoblast differentiation	RANKL-induced Zebrafish	ERK↓, TRAP↓, cathepsin K↓	Feng and McDonald, (2011)
	MC3T3-E1 cells and Zebrafish model	ALP↑, Runx2↑, Colla1↑, Alp↑, Ocn↑	Park et al. (2016)
Against UVB radiation	UVB-induced HaCaT keratinocytes	GSH↑, SOD↑, ROS↓, MMP-2↓, MMP-9↓	Kim et al. (2016)
Improve skin barrier function	HaCaT keratinocytes	Filaggrin↑, Cornified envelope formation↑, Caspase-14↑	Shin et al. (2018)
Anti-oxidant	HaCaT keratinocytes	GSH↑, SOD↑, ROS, MMP-2↓, MMP-9↓	Oh et al. (2016)
	H2O2-induced E.coli	Fpg↑, ROS↓	Lim et al. (2016)
	H2O2 or ATA-induced chick cardiomyocytes	Cell viability↑, DCF fluorescence↓	Lee B et al. (2012)
Regulating Cholesterol Metabolism	High cholesterol-induced Wistar rats	CYP8B1↑	Kawase et al. (2014)
Alleviating allergic response	Histamine-induced ICR mice	IL-4↓, TNF-α↓, NF-κB↓, c-jun↓	Jang et al. (2012)
Increasing sperm motility	Fertile volunteer, Asthenozoospermic infertile patients	iNOS↑, NO↑	Zhang et al. (2006)
Restoring erectile dysfunction	Ethanol-induced SD rats	Nitrite↑, cGMP↑, ICP↑	Pyo et al. (20I6)
Promoting cyclic growth of hair follicles	Immunodeficient mice, C57BL/6 mice, HeLa cells	Hair shaft growth↑, P-Smad 2/3↑, p-FAK↑, p-ERK↑, p-JNK↑, TGF-β↓, SAMD↓	Li et al. (20I6)
Reducing gastrointestinal motility dysfunction	CP SD rats, DP SD rats	p-MLC20↑, MLCK↓, NO↑, adrenaline↑	Xiong et al. (2014)
	Cajal interstitial cells	Amplitude↓, frequency↓, cGMP↑	Hong et al. (2015)
	C48/80-induced Wistar rats	Hexosamine↑, adherent mucus↑, TBARS↓, XO↓, MPO↓, Bax↓, Bcl2↑	Lee et al. (2014)