TABLE 5.

Summary of Innovation of the Present Study

What Is Known	What Is Not Known	What This Study Adds
HIV increases risk of heart failure	Outcome of heart failure in people with HIV is not well studied	A large and comprehensive data on multiple heart failure outcomes (hospitalization, death) in people with HIV (comprising >5,700 HIV patients with heart failure) allowed precise and detailed characterization than has been possible before
People with HIV and heart failure have increased risk of sudden cardiac death	There are limited data on all-cause mortality outcome in people with HIV and heart failure (prior studies comprise only ~400 HIV patients with heart failure)	The study was able to account for extensive list of risk factors
People with HIV and heart failure have higher risk of hospitalization	Studies on mortality outcome in people with HIV did not make adjustment for risk factors	The study explored factors that may contribute to worse clinical outcome of heart failure in those with HIV
Biomarkers of myocardial strain and fibrosis (ST2 and GDF-15) are associated with cardiovascular disease mortality in HIV	The association of systolic cardiac function with heart failure outcomes in people with HIV is not known	Reduced ejection fraction, lower CD4 count and detectable viral load were associated with increased risk of heart failure hospitalization and all-cause mortality

Abbreviation as in Table 2.