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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: FEBS J. 2021 Oct 2;289(24):7631–7669. doi: 10.1111/febs.16206

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus (KSHV) latency and reactivation. A) During EBV latent infection, very limited numbers of viral gene such as Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) and latent membrane proteins (LMP1 and LMP2) are expressed. EBNA1 (red circle) tethers the EBV episome (green ring) to the host chromosome. When reactivation is triggered, immediate early genes (e.g., BZLF1 and BRLF1) initiate lytic viral transcription, resulting in the orderly expression of immediate early (IE) genes, delayed early (DE) genes, and late (L) genes. Linear viral DNA molecules are replicated. Viral particles (blue pyramid structures) are produced and then released. B) During KSHV latent infection, very limited number of viral genes such as LANA (orange circle) are expressed. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) tethers the KSHV episome (green ring) to the host chromosome. When reactivation is triggered, the immediate early gene, RTA/ORF50 initiates lytic viral transcription, resulting in the orderly expression of immediate early (IE) genes, delayed early (DE) genes, and late (L) genes. Viral particles (blue pyramid structures) are produced and then released. Figure was created using artwork images from https://smart.servier.com/image-set-download/.