Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of study population divided into the groups with and without chronic kidney disease
| Non‐CKD group (N = 192) | CKD group (N = 70) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 86 (44.8%) | 38 (54.3%) | .21 |
| Age (years) | 70.45 ± 12.14 | 75.63 ± 9.18 | <.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.80 ± 14.43 | 131.60 ± 13.37 | .16 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68.31 ± 11.00 | 66.19 ± 9.78 | .16 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 60.49 ± 13.75 | 65.41 ± 12.47 | .009 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 74.03 ± 12.97 | 73.03 ± 14.61 | .59 |
| Height (cm) | 143.03 ± 49.60 | 153.09 ± 33.87 | .06 |
| Weight (kg) | 50.51 ± 20.80 | 54.73 ± 15.63 | .12 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 19.71 ± 7.62 | 21.33 ± 5.55 | .06 |
| NYHA class ≥ II | 54 (28.1%) | 43 (61.4%) | <.001 |
| Past history | |||
| Hypertension | 157 (81.8%) | 67 (95.7%) | .005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 29 (15.1%) | 20 (28.6%) | .019 |
| Dyslipidemia | 114 (59.4%) | 57 (81.4%) | .001 |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 4 (2.1%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1.00 |
| Coronary artery disease | 44 (22.9%) | 24 (34.3%) | .08 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 27 (14.1%) | 19 (27.1%) | .017 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 38 (19.8%) | 26 (37.1%) | .006 |
| Abnormal thyroid function | 7 (3.6%) | 5 (7.1%) | .31 |
| History of cancer | 35 (18.2%) | 15 (21.4%) | .60 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 6 (3.1%) | 1 (1.4%) | .68 |
| Bronchial airway disease | 27 (14.1%) | 15 (21.4%) | .18 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 4 (2.1%) | 0 | .58 |
| Social history | |||
| Alcohol | 17 (8.9%) | 8 (11.4%) | .64 |
| Current smoker | 29 (15.1%) | 9 (12.9%) | .84 |
| Ex‐smoker | 36 (18.8%) | 17 (24.3%) | .39 |
| Status of aortic valve and aorta | |||
| Rheumatic valve disease | 2 (1.0%) | 3 (4.3%) | .12 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 3 (1.6%) | 0 | .57 |
| Quadricuspid aortic valve | 3 (1.6%) | 1 (1.4%) | 1.00 |
| Cusp prolapse | 4 (2.1%) | 0 | .58 |
| Failure of cusp coaptation | 17 (8.9%) | 4 (5.7%) | .61 |
| Aneurysm of ascending aorta | 5 (2.6%) | 0 | .33 |
| Dilatation of root or ascending aorta | 67 (34.9%) | 32 (45.7%) | .12 |
| Medication | |||
| Antiplatelet agent | 84 (43.8%) | 41 (58.6%) | .037 |
| Anticoagulation agent | 35 (18.2%) | 16 (22.9%) | .48 |
| Digoxin | 11 (5.7%) | 5 (7.15) | .77 |
| Beta blocker | 59 (30.7%) | 35 (50.0%) | .006 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 77 (40.1%) | 42 (60.0%) | .005 |
| Diuretics | 52 (2.1%) | 31 (44.3%) | .011 |
| Spironolactone | 15 (7.8%) | 11 (15.7%) | .07 |
| Renin angiotensin system blockade | 113 (58.9%) | 34 (48.6%) | .16 |
| Statin | 114 (59.4%) | 54 (77.1%) | .009 |
| Vasodilator | 47 (24.5%) | 25 (35.7%) | .09 |
| Laboratory finding | |||
| NT‐proBNP (pg/ml) | 1095.22 ± 4151.90 0 (0–111.13) | 6442.06 ± 13 572.32 0 (0–6596.25) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.71 ± 2.36 | 12.11 ± 1.81 | .06 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 141.22 ± 57.04 | 129.86 ± 64.44 | .20 |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 83.32 ± 41.67 | 79.51 ± 44.41 | .52 |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 45.52 ± 22.64 | 38.91 ± 22.97 | .038 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 98.52 ± 88.01 | 87.11 ± 53.18 | .31 |
Note: Data are presented as number of patients (percent) or average ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range (median [IQR]).
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association.