Table 3.

Percentage of microbiome variation explained in unweighted and weighted UniFrac analyses for self-reported and biomarker measures of dietary intake in 1709 individuals in the Multiethnic Cohort Study, stratified by sex and ethnicity. Percentage variation >1% indicated in bold.

	All		Female		Male		African American		Hawaiian		Japanese		Latino		White
	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value	% Var.	p-value
Unweighted Unifrac
Carotenoids
Total carotenoids	0.30	0.061	0.54	<0.001	0.59	<0.001	1.13	0.199	1.59	<0.001	0.94	0.003	1.17	0.003	1.08	0.005
Beta-carotene	0.25	0.099	0.61	<0.001	0.56	<0.001	1.33	0.040	1.30	0.025	0.85	0.011	1.31	<0.001	1.22	<0.001
Alpha-carotene	0.19	0.244	0.55	<0.001	0.55	<0.001	1.44	0.012	1.16	0.114	0.98	0.002	1.54	<0.001	1.12	0.002
Cryptoxanthin	0.35	0.025	0.54	<0.001	0.58	<0.001	1.18	0.121	1.15	0.131	0.92	0.007	1.17	0.003	1.30	<0.001
Lutein	0.15	0.363	0.38	0.107	0.45	0.023	1.06	0.415	1.12	0.199	0.73	0.169	0.90	0.192	1.53	<0.001
Lycopene	0.45	0.009	0.52	<0.001	0.42	0.044	1.20	0.115	1.27	0.043	0.66	0.425	1.02	0.044	0.86	0.094
Zeaxanthin	0.15	0.370	0.38	0.106	0.36	0.232	1.13	0.234	0.92	0.715	0.67	0.422	0.88	0.254	0.87	0.075
Retinol
Retinol	0.18	0.280	0.43	0.020	0.42	0.048	1.06	0.360	1.20	0.070	0.71	0.220	0.78	0.693	0.70	0.566
Tocopherols
Total tocopherol	1.74	<0.001	0.72	<0.001	0.71	<0.001	1.35	0.016	1.39	0.011	0.77	0.088	0.77	0.730	0.89	0.068
Alpha-tocopherol	1.70	<0.001	0.67	<0.001	0.74	<0.001	1.24	0.068	1.35	0.016	0.85	0.024	0.85	0.406	1.00	0.014
Beta+gamma-tocopherol	0.19	0.230	0.40	0.061	0.39	0.104	1.06	0.380	1.22	0.061	0.79	0.065	0.90	0.217	1.02	0.009
Delta-tocopherol	1.16	<0.001	0.72	<0.001	0.41	0.061	1.09	0.328	1.54	0.003	0.62	0.643	1.18	0.007	0.79	0.217
Weighted Unifrac
Carotenoids
Total carotenoids	0.31	0.095	0.76	0.005	0.69	0.019	1.25	0.265	1.43	0.135	1.32	0.016	0.95	0.318	1.32	0.031
Beta-carotene	0.43	0.027	0.93	<0.001	0.82	0.007	1.87	0.024	1.43	0.118	1.22	0.037	0.71	0.616	1.69	0.005
Alpha-carotene	0.30	0.114	0.83	0.002	0.58	0.060	1.03	0.523	1.45	0.103	1.04	0.073	1.39	0.072	1.53	0.007
Cryptoxanthin	0.31	0.086	0.78	0.008	0.70	0.013	1.53	0.108	1.12	0.355	2.04	<0.001	1.28	0.100	1.48	0.013
Lutein	0.29	0.112	0.60	0.035	0.55	0.077	1.06	0.493	1.12	0.356	0.85	0.199	0.95	0.328	1.49	0.009
Lycopene	0.30	0.133	0.73	<0.001	0.42	0.218	1.37	0.192	1.49	0.117	0.86	0.199	0.80	0.514	0.96	0.150
Zeaxanthin	0.37	0.050	0.58	0.041	0.43	0.208	0.92	0.659	0.67	0.932	0.85	0.225	0.64	0.758	0.84	0.303
Retinol
Retinol	0.16	0.473	0.49	0.090	0.34	0.430	0.88	0.717	0.82	0.745	0.83	0.216	0.65	0.734	0.73	0.460
Tocopherols
Total tocopherol	0.16	0.496	0.46	0.134	0.49	0.119	0.86	0.768	1.61	0.060	0.65	0.478	1.06	0.215	0.89	0.238
Alpha-tocopherol	0.16	0.464	0.48	0.098	0.43	0.219	0.72	0.912	1.54	0.089	0.56	0.649	1.03	0.253	0.82	0.331
Beta+gamma-tocopherol	0.33	0.074	0.97	<0.001	0.33	0.505	1.09	0.435	1.45	0.136	0.85	0.204	1.04	0.245	1.45	0.012
Delta-tocopherol	0.27	0.149	0.62	0.013	0.36	0.421	0.79	0.849	1.07	0.400	1.97	<0.001	0.81	0.495	1.04	0.128